Fate vs. Free Will: Re-examining the Belief through Sophocles’ Oedipus the King Essay

Fate has always been the central argument in almost every Greek drama known to human civilization. Mankind has always been convinced that we cannot go against the tide, as all things are bound to happen, waiting to happen, and will happen. We have always been a believer of oracles, the fanfare of fortune-tellers, we hold our breaths to what the cards will tell of our fortune and our future. But if this is to be believed, then we are unwittingly giving up our free will, our right and capability to make decisions, we are giving away our logic and our right to draw our own lives, but rather, giving it all up to a greater force, an invisible hand that commands us to do what we ought to do. In the interest of discussion and deep philosophical reckoning, may I ask, is life, as unpredictable as it is, drawn by fate or by free will? Oedipus the King, one of the three Theban plays written by Sophocles, has been the center of many discussions on this topic. The question of whether fate or free will contributed to the downfall of Oedipus poses a great many questions to scholars and common folks alike. The question is an unwitting examination of our own lives, are we the products of the choices we take, or victims and collateral damages to a greater, unfolding plan. Fate, has been defined as the will or principle or determining cause by which things in general are believed to come to be as they are or events to happen as they do (Webster 128). By essence, we as common folks cannot choose our own undertaking but rather, just follow whatever it is that is bound to happen. Oedipus life has been marred by the predictions and indications of the Delphian Oracle. He, together with Laius and Jocasta, gave tremendous weight to what fate has instructed them to portray. And in their efforts to change what has been written, they have fallen victims to their own destiny, entangled with the cobwebs of lies and deceit that they made to cover up what their own personal flaws and fears. It is interesting to know and to reckon, however, that the oracle says the son will kill his father and mate with his mother, what if the child that was delivered was a daughter and not a son? Or it would have been a quick and quiet solution if Jocasta or Laius himself killed the baby and not just delegate it to a servant, thus avoiding the case of insubordination, which proved deadly for all the characters involved. Or, they could have just raised Oedipus by themselves, in their own guidance, within their very reach, for no moral man shall kill his own father and have a relationship with his own mother. In shorter terms, there could have been many alternatives, many ways, many options, which could have been effective and could have prevented the tragedy that has befallen the House of Laius. Free will could have worked things out in this tangled story of murder and incest. Logic could have outwitted the fates that are conveniently believed to direct our destinies. But then, some may think, this is still a gamble on the things to come. Again, let me cite another story, this time in the form of a short story by Mark Twain, aptly entitled Luck. It has clearly illustrated how a man who lacks luster in any field, became an illustrious and decorated military officer. He has been pursued, day by day and year by year, by a most phenomenal and astonishing luckiness (Twain 64). This fictional character, Lieutenant General Lord Arthur Scoresby, seems to have all the luck in the world, transforming the worst of blunders into the most brilliant and astonishing of all the military tactics. To romantics, it seems that the universe has conspired to give him the best of fortunes and enjoy the best of life. But again, let me ask, for purposes of reckoning and discussion, what if poor Scoresby â€Å"choose† other field and not enter the world of military, where outwitting and counter outwitting the enemy is a practice? Or, what if the reverend, instead of helping him, just let him fail his subjects I the military school? A choice has been given to the reverend, but alas, he choose to undertake the road that led to the unthinkable and unlikely success of the stupid man. His own choice, then, it is safe to say, has catapulted the General to his place in history. Force, or the lack of it, is an underlying factor in this topic. Oedipus has always known he will one day kill a man that is father, therefore, he should have prevented himself to kill any man, be it a stranger or the man he has believed all along to be his father, King Polybus. Nobody forced him to kill anyone, or at least, no other hand guided the sword that killed Laius but his own. He has been warned that he will one day commit and incestuous relationship with his own mother, then, he should have prevented himself from marrying any woman, be it any woman or the woman he has believed all along to be his mother, Merope. He, therefore, has guided his own undoing. Oedipus, therefore, is the only one responsible for fulfilling the prophecy, for in no page of the play did I find that any other hand or force guided him to do as he did, but his own choice, his own free will. The knowledge of the murder and the incest should have warned him and equipped him with a list of what not to do in his life, but instead, he let his own flaws draw his destiny. The question of fate and free will is an age old problem, and the solution will not be found in the endless debates, lustrous academic and para-academic discussions, or literary discourses. Our lives, whether we believe it or not, are products of our choices, we are of our own doing, or undoing. If we allow ourselves to believe that, like the planets in the universe, lifeless and dull, we are drawn to follow a certain order, then, we practically give up our right to life, our freedom, our individuality, but instead, we accept that we are common, unspecial, and nothing more than a dry leaf mercilessly thrown around by the wind, we are nothing but a stone that will forever remain at the bottom of the sea, or up in the mountains, that we are at the mercy of someone we don’t see. Lastly, let me just share, not a quote or a passage, but a law that has been proven time and time again, authored by the great Sir Isaac Newton. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. I believe, no other external force is at play, but that, which we call â€Å"ourselves†. Works Cited Cohen, I. Bernard and George E. Smith. The Cambridge Companion to Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Dodds, E. R. â€Å"On Misunderstanding the Oedipus Rex. † Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. New York: Chelsea House, 1988: 35-47. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. New York: Dover Thrift Editions, 1991. Twain, Mark and Justine Kaplan. The Signet Classic Book of Mark Twain’s Short Stories. New York: Signet Classics, 1985.

Fast Food Nation Summary and Reaction Essay

Eric Schlosser wrote the book â€Å"Fast Food Nation† to prove that the fast food industry is solely responsible for many problems that affect today’s society. He begins his argument by explaining how the fast food industry came to be and who made it happen. Carl Karcher was the biggest starting pioneer of this new industry. After his marriage in 1939, he bought his first hot dog cart and â€Å"by the end of 1994, [he] owned 4 hot dog carts in Los Angeles. † His next fast food venture was his Drive-In Barbeque, but the competition was soon on. â€Å"Dozens of people were standing in line to buy bags of ‘McDonald’s Famous Hamburgers’ (Schlosser 18, 19). Richard and â€Å"Mac† McDonald had their own business, but were tired of having to find new carhops and cooks. So they began to use today’s way of how fast food chains do business, assembly line style. This was the beginning of the rising power of the fast food industry. Schlosser then briefly describes the lives of many other fast food pioneers such as William Rosenberg who opened his first â€Å"doughnut shop in 1948, later calling it Dunkin’ Donuts. † Glen Bell founded the restaurant chain Taco Bell, Keith Cramer founded Insta-Burger-King, Dave Thomas founded Wendy’s, and Thomas Monaghan opened the first Domino’s. And Harland Sanders was the famous man of them all with his opening of the world’s first Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant (Schlosser 22-23). Thanks to these men, America has her fast food. In order to explain how fast food became so popular in American culture, Schlosser continues his book with the complicated relationship between Ray Kroc and Walt Disney and their rise to fame. â€Å"Ray Kroc took the McDonald brothers’ Speedee Service System and spread it nationwide, creating a fast food empire (Schlosser 34). † Walt Disney created a fantasy world that fulfilled the American child’s dreams. Their great success was their uncanny ability of marketing their products to children. Even though Walt Disney’s success arrived sooner, Kroc’s company was most successful with the invention of the character Ronald McDonald in enticing America’s children. â€Å"Indeed, market research has found that children often recognize a brand logo before they can recognize their own name (Schlosser 43). † Playgrounds and even public school systems have fell victim to advertising. Playlands in McDonald’s stores attract whole families with young, hungry, and noisy children. Believe it or not, children are the ones who made McDonald’s Corporation as rich as it is today. Schlosser continues with stories and facts about what happens behind the counter. The mass number of fast food stores across America shows growing problems surrounding those who work at them. Crew members are only paid minimum wage and sometimes even less. They are prevented from being paid overtime, forming labor unions, and are forced to work only when they are needed. Workers going overtime are being paid for the extra time in food, not money. Robberies have been known to occur by current of former employees, not just third parties. McDonald’s sees it only necessary to add security to its stores rather than increasing its employee wages to incentivize workers to try and prevent theft. McDonald’s uses a combination of teenagers and illegal immigrants as its workforce supply. These workers are not concerned about being paid little since most do not have to support a family. With such a tremendous supply of labor, there is no incentive for McDonald’s Corporation to increase employee wages. Franchisees of many fast food chains are increasingly upset about encroachment, multiple stores of the same chain within short distances of each other. It is terrible that corporations are not thinking too highly of their franchisees. But there is no incentive for these corporations to change since they own the land that their franchises sit on. Franchisees periodically sue their franchisors â€Å"about inflated price charged by suppliers, [and] about bankruptcies and terminations that seemed unfair (Schlosser 100). † The meat packing industry is by far the most dangerous industry in America. Countless injuries occur without being reported and all that seems to matter to the industry is meeting the daily schedules. The faster the employees are made to work, the more dangerous the work becomes. Workers are usually fired after they are severely injured and are sent to specific doctors who do not document these injuries and convince the workers that they are fine. Any defiance against the company and those workers are either fired or given harder and more dangerous tasks. The only thought that comes across meat packing company executives is profit margins. There is relatively no social justice for the employees of the fast food and meat packing industries. Their wages are minimal, they receive no benefits, and no bonuses are given. There is no excuse that can justify falsified reports and time clocks. This is one of the few points where private interests go too far. Minimized costs is a must have in the private sector, but not to the point where the lives and welfare of workers are at stake and laws are being violated. There is simply too much private interest alive in Congress which prevents any further prohibition of such behavior. These industries are technically victimizing their workers by using them as cheap labor. Fast food chains use advertising which targets children who are the most vulnerable and exploit that weakness to maximize profits. In addition to Schlosser’s arguments, fast food is the worst possible food that people can eat. The sad thing is children at such young ages are eating it and the parents either do not even know any better or they simply do not care just because it is good to their wallets. Eric Schlosser’s critical views towards the fast food and meat packing industries, I dear say, are very informative. In sharing his views, I believe things must be done to address these issues. If the end result means higher prices for fast food, I, unlike most of Americans, simply would not mind paying it because then at least the employees of both industries would be earning better wages, learning real life skills, and working in a safer environment especially for those who do the meat packing. The facts about the fast food industry in this book definitely prove to me what I have been supporting, working at a McDonald’s for the past two years. I may actually consider finding a new job this summer with a company that pays me better, a company that does not have the kind of nasty reputation that the fast food chains have.

Japanese Canadians During Wwii Essay

Japanese people were blamed for everything from a bad crop to a flat tire† (Biase). Japanese Canadians claimed they were given many dirty and hateful looks, and overheard â€Å"people cursing at Japanese for their car troubles† (Biase). The Japanese Canadians were being punished for a crime they did not commit. Canada’s only defence for its actions was that, â€Å"Japanese people were not white and they ‘could’ be spies† (Biase). This meant people were suspicious and literally afraid of Japanese for being spies sent from Japan. As a result, Japanese Canadians had to deal with being blamed for things they did not deserve, thus resulting in being treated unjustly as a human being. This notice was distributed throughout British Columbia. If any Japanese were found in the prohibited areas listed, they would be incarcerated. Thirdly, the Japanese Canadians were sent to internment camps across Canada against their will. In Canada, there were 10 internment camps where, â€Å"3 were road camps, 2 were prisoner of war camps (POW) and 5 were self-supporting camps† (Robinson). Internment camps is a â€Å"large detention  center created for political opponents,  enemy aliens, people with  mental illness, members of specific ethnic or religious groups, civilian inhabitants of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, usually during a war† (Dictionary). In this case, internment camps in Canada at the time were designed for only Japanese Canadians. Internment camps were labour/work camps, which required heavy-duty work for the 22,000 imprisoned Japanese Canadians to do. Since World War II caused a large shortage of farmers, especially sugar beet farmers, the Security Commission Council organized, â€Å"Sugar beet projects to combat the labour shortage. This gave Japanese males a choice. The choice was to work in road camps as slaves or go to the beet camps and be with their families. Working in the beet camp was the choice taken by the majority of Japanese married men† (Biase). Considering the Japanese Canadians had to live inside the camps, the living conditions inside the internment camps were poor. They were crowded and were primitive with no electricity or running water. A story from Hideo Kukubo tells what life was like during the war: â€Å"I was in that camp for four years. When it got cold the temperature went down to as much as 60 below. The buildings stood on flat land beside a lake. We lived in huts with no insulation. Even if we had the stove burning the inside of the windows would all be frosted up and white, really white. I had to lie in bed with everything on that I had†¦ at one time there were 720 people there, all men, and a lot of them were old men. † This is just one of the many horrible stories the Japanese Canadians experienced. Therefore, the Japanese Canadians were treated unfairly when they were forced to work and live in internment camps. In conclusion, the Japanese Canadians suffered during the period 1929 to 1945. They had their property and rights taken from them, they were blamed for unnecessary things and forced into camps where labour was the only thing you did all day. Therefore, when Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced a historic redress settlement for the Japanese Canadians on September 22, 1988, it truly was the best thing to do, even though it was long overdue.

Difference between an Entrepreneur and an Intrapreneur Assignment

Difference between an Entrepreneur and an Intrapreneur - Assignment Example Entrepreneurs are bold risk-takers. The new business may be profitable or may turn out to be loss-making. Their level of risk is extremely high as there is no-one else to share the burden, which can literally ‘make’ or ‘break’ them. Intrapreneurs are low-level risk-takers. In their role as employees of a business, their amount of risk-taking is limited by boundaries laid out in advance; they are not permitted to exceed those limits when conducting negotiations that could pose risks to the business. Entrepreneurs have clear visions for their new businesses; they are dogged, determined and rigid about their visions, and respond negatively to any alteration proposals. Intrapreneurs have their own visions about ways to develop the business, but such visions are flexible and adaptable in response to organizational shifts. Entrepreneurs are persons who possess a wide range of skills in different fields. They are termed as ‘generalists.’ Intrapreneurs are ‘specialists’ who possess highly trained managerial skills that enable them to concentrate on ways to improve and develop the business (Lifecollege.org). The three forms of management are autocratic, consultative and democratic. Autocratic managers are persons within the organization with total decision-making powers. They give dictatorial instructions to staff members without bothering to ask their opinion on the matter in hand. Consultative managers take final business decisions, but only after soliciting opinions of other employees and analyzing the matter in hand from the perspective of those views. Democratic managers hand over authority to staff members to finish a task allotted to them. The staff members then proceed to complete the given task on time by employing their own set of work techniques. The staff members are part of the decision-making process.

Management Styles for Human Resource in Corporate Banks Essay

Management Styles for Human Resource in Corporate Banks - Essay Example The paper tells that theorists outline the major forms of management styles as autocracy, democracy, participative, and laissez-faire styles. The essence of management in banks and other businesses is to ensure proper planning and execution of tasks through the human resource towards the acquisition of the set goals and objectives. The acquisition of these variables is possible through proper leadership skills whereby the managers are bound to organizing the programs set to stimulate the workers towards the acquisition of the set businesses’ objectives. Northern Rock Bank operates in the UK market as a multi-billion organization serving over 50 million global clients. On the other hand, the Royal Bank of Scotland operates in the European continent and is seemingly a competitor to Northern Rock Bank since its capital base and clientele group seem to match closely. History depicts that the two banks’ performances endured in crisis since the edge of economic crisis in 2008 to the present. However, findings reveal that the banks are restructuring towards the acquisition of success and maintenance of their positions in the global markets. Arguably, the two banks crises emanated from top managements’ negligence to comprehend employees as important to the organization. Expert evaluations show that the Northern Rock Bank entered a streak of fallacies as financial accounts ascertained flaws. The bank’s top management concentrated on the surety that they had a large capital base thus the threat of failures in performances would not threaten the bank's abundance of operations. On the contrary, the bank’s application of laissez-faire (bureaucratic management style) threatened the abundance and prowess in the UK and global market platforms. The same case was evident in the Royal Bank of Scotland whereby the top management observed the bank’s performances as most crucial compared to the imposition of favorable strategies to ensure cl ose workmanship between the organization and the workers. Employees in the two banks realized the presence of ignorance from the top management and lost morale in operations thus the banks would eventually fall in continuous streaks of failures as the operations dwindled. Arguably, the top management in the two banks failed to ascertain that the banks would face threats from the employees since the tally in each entity ranged between 120,000 to 150,000 in the UK and other global branches. In account for the Royal Bank of Scotland operations, the evidence accrued revealed that the top management failed to support human resource programs since with the notion that such programs were insignificant to the acquisition of the bank’s goals since it was a competitive entity in the global banking industry. Herzberg’s hygiene theory depicts through the theory X and Y approaches that people may perform effectively under negative and positive motivation respectively.

BUSSINESS PLAN (GATEWAY TO SNOWTOWN) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BUSSINESS PLAN (GATEWAY TO SNOWTOWN) - Essay Example In order to reverse this abysmal trend, my plan proposes the design and implementation of a project that will establish two main gateway signs, to be located in two strategic sites in the town. The overall rationale behind this decision is to present Snowtown to commuters before their entry into the district. It will also serve as a quick reference to what is on offer and where it can be obtained within the premise of the city. The project envisages beyond given the town an aesthetic phase lift to also providing a one stop coordinating network of the town’s iconic and signing outlay. To be incorporated in the project is the construction of public services centers at definite locations within the overall framework of the project. Snowtown by virtue of her location is the most preferred route for road users commuting to and fro Adelaide and Port Piere. Owing to this significant advantage, it is incumbent on the city planners to identify how to enhance the comparative advantage of this phenomenon within the established context of road transport. A recent survey indicates that, most travelers know little or nothing about this boisterous town besides cruising through it to their intended destinations. The project therefore, desires to embark on a massive publicity campaign that will showcase the township as an appealing tourism destination that will treat visitors to a delightful exhibition of the rich cultural heritage of Snowtown. It will serve as a platform to tap into the vibrant agricultural legacy for which the township is reputed for. In the case of Snowtown, besides the conventional road signage, there is a conspicuous gap in the provision of other equally relevant information outposts that presents the town in a unique fashion with the view of marketing it. In recognition of the above fact, there has been a remarkable move by government in recent times to explore within available provisions to pursue viable programmes that spurs sustainable economic

Sociology Families in a Global Perspective Essay

Sociology Families in a Global Perspective - Essay Example With the distribution of wealth in significantly different ratios across the nation, the family unit within the U.S. maintains different issues, stemming from economic and social circumstances, which directly influence family-related principles. India, a much less Westernized country, faces widespread poverty and dramatic chasms between social classes, despite its rapid growth in industry and radical social change. Indian culture maintains significantly different beliefs than that of United States families, created by economic circumstances and years of cultural values. Indian citizens, based on social status and financial realities, show marked contrast to their Western counterparts. All of these factors will be explored within this project. The United States, and its highly capitalistic economic system, creates an environment where many families tend to be more career-focused, with stern emphasis placed on the quality of higher-level education. However, the level to which education is actively stressed by parents to their children is radically different based on social class. The U.S. maintains a very wide division of classes, consisting of the significantly wealthy, upper middle class, middle class, and the lower working class. Upper middle class citizens, as one example, reflect the majority of this group as being holders of Bachelors and post-graduate degrees in high paying professional fields (Henslin, 2003). The lower working class, in opposite respect, represents the majority of U.S. blue collar workers, who rear their children with little emphasis on career-building. This group is more dominant toward their children, often using physical punishment to ensure child obedience (Henslin). This emphasis on obedience and rigorous punishment is often driven by the fact that blue-collar workers tend to work under controlling managerial environments, which is a mentality passed

Lighting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lighting - Term Paper Example What exactly is this phenomenon? What causes it to occur? Have scientists through the years found the answers to explain this amazing occurrence? If this was a myth, what sort of stories was told about it? These are just some of the questions that this paper aims to answer. Introduction â€Å"A French scientist named Pierre Gassendi was claimed to have named the northern lights after the Roman goddess of dawn, â€Å"Aurora† in 1621. The word â€Å"borealis† was added to represent the Greek god of the north wind, â€Å"Boreas† † (Effron L., 2011.). Others, however, claimed that it was the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) who actually first gave the term ‘Aurora Borealis’, a Latin derived word† (â€Å"Facts and Info†, n.d.). Places where aurora borealis can be viewed have become tourist attractions in that part of the world_ the northern latitudes which particularly they call the polar zones. Some scientists call them a s â€Å"polar auroras† (or aurorae polaris)† (Polar zone, n.d.). All types of aficionados all over the world and from all walks of life come and gather to this part of the world to enjoy looking and appreciating a â€Å"no man-made† awesome sights in the sky. ... Here are some facts gathered about the officially known aurora borealis or northern lights in the earth’s northern hemisphere. Is Aurora Borealis, A Myth? When there were still no valid explanations for these amazing colorful sightings in the sky, people invented several stories translated into legends, folklores and myths. As myths, many have thought of these colorful lights in the sky as something alien in origin (â€Å"Alaska Public Land†, n.d.). It is important to note that â€Å"different cultures and communities had different stories to tell about the aurora borealis. For one, it was thought to be spirits of the dead dancing in heaven while others believed that those people who whistled at the lights were taken away by them. The lights were also thought to be trails of various gods and goddesses traveling in the sky. The dominance of red colors it radiated in the sky was also perceived to be signs of bloodshed, wars, and catastrophic events. Some have accepted th em as signs given by Immortal Gods and Goddesses in strange worlds trying to communicate with mortals† (â€Å"Facts and Info†, n.d.). But eventually through the years of man’s milestone achievements on scientific technology-advancement, persistent scientists were able to find scientific answers to what causes and makes up these northern lights. The Scientific Explanation The Corpuscular Theory of the Aurora Borealis by Goldstein in 1881 was one of the earliest theories attempting to explain the occurrence of the northern lights (Spencer, 1918). Further studies in support of the aurora borealis were initiated by, Paulsen, a Danish meteorologist (1891), Birkeland (1896), Dr.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

History - Essay Example The sudden and drastic increase in the number of industries provided women with another opportunity to demonstrate their independence (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). The result of this industrialization was an increase in the number of women employees in factories and industrial production units Women assumed new responsibilities in the teaching profession as well as in the industry. They were no longer confined to their homes and eagerly sought outside work. These factors encouraged women to be independent and to improve their self – esteem. Several new trade unions were formed, in order to address women’s difficulties at the work place, and many women became active members of these trade unions (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). However, many of these women were compelled to relinquish their jobs after marriage and to take care of their family and children. Nevertheless, some of them, continued in outside employment even after marriage. Moreover, many women with a heightened sense of morality had established women’s associations to help women whose condition was miserable. These associations assisted distressed women in several ways, promoted religious ideals, attempted to eradicate prostitution and poverty, and sought to enhance self – esteem (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). These associations conducted rallies to pressurize the government to improve conditions in prisons, asylums and hospitals. These movements culminated in the subsequent movement to procure women’s suffrage under the leadership of Susan B. Anthony and Lucretia Mott. The nineteenth century witnessed two major movements, namely female suffrage and labor (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). The 19th Century Industrial Revolution drastically changed the economy and life of the people.

Case Study Analysis- Planet Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Study Analysis- Planet Starbucks - Essay Example Starbucks was initially formed with the motto of selling good coffee with a unique flavor that a regular coffee brand wouldn’t offer. After the company was listed in the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ), the growth of the company accelerated and it opened 16,680 stores across the globe. High priced brews, Moccachinos, Cappuccinos, Lattes and frappes have awakened the senses of 50 million customers approximately worldwide. Starbucks was formed initially in the year 1971 in Seattle (Burks 2009, 1). In the year 2013, the sales of global Starbucks stores grew by 8 percent and the expansion of the stores grew by 12 percent with revenue of $2.78 billion (Fontevecchia 2013). The company generated huge revenue from China and Asia Pacific region and earned a major part of the share in the coffee industry. Starbucks is one of the most coveted brands in the coffee industry and has a highly developed copyright, logo, brand and trademarks. In the year 2010, the company’s profit margin had hit hard during recession but the company immediately regained profits by 12.7 percent in the year 2012. Brand Power: In Australia, the brand is strongly associated with customer loyalty and innovative capabilities. The Company has maintained strong revenues, earnings per share, operating income and comparable store sales. Brand promise is crucial for Starbucks and the company has been using high quality beans. It has been observed that the customers prefer having Arabica over Robusta beans and accounts for 75 percent of the worldwide production (Burks 2009, 07). Starbucks uses high quality Arabica beans for serving the customers for their satisfaction purposes. European Coffee Houses: The Australian customers prefer cafà © chain similar to European coffee houses. The European Coffee houses were traditional and had an old charm to it and a warm atmosphere. Starbuck

Alexander Calder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alexander Calder - Essay Example Calder' firt exhibition of painting took place in 1926 at the Artit' Gallery, New York. Later that year, he went to Pari and attended the Acadmie de la Grande Chaumire. In Pari, he met tanley William Hayter, exhibited at the 1926 alon de Indpendant, and in 1927 began giving performance of hi miniature circu. The firt how of hi wire animal and caricature portrait wa held at the Weyhe Gallery, New York, in 1928. That ame year, he met Joan Mir, who became hi lifelong friend. ubequently, Calder divided hi time between France and the United tate. In 1929, the Galerie Billiet gave him hi firt olo how in Pari. He met Frederick Kieler, Fernand Lger, and Theo van Doeburg and viited Piet Mondrian' tudio in 1930. Calder began to experiment with abtract culpture at thi time and in 1931 and 1932 introduced moving part into hi work. Thee moving culpture were called "mobile"; the tationary contruction were to be named "tabile." He exhibited with the Abtraction-Cration group in Pari in 1933. In 1943 , the Mueum of Modern Art, New York, gave him a olo exhibition. (Haye, 99-101) During the 1950, Calder traveled widely and executed Tower (wall mobile) and Gong (ound mobile). He won the Grand Prize for culpture at the 1952 Venice Biennale. Late in the decade, the artit worked extenively with gouache; from thi period, he executed numerou major public commiion. In 1964-65, the olomon R. Guggenheim Mueum, New York, preented a Calder retropective. He began the Totem in 1966 and the Animobile in 1971; both are variation on the tanding mobile. A Calder exhibition wa held at the Whitney Mueum of American Art, New York, in 1976. Calder died November 11, 1976, in New York. Early Work & Non-artitic Career Born into a family of artit in Lawnton, Pennylvania, to culptor Alexander tirling Calder and portrait painter Nanette Lederer Calder, both Calder and hi older iter, Margaret Calder Haye, were encouraged to be creative from childhood. (Calder, 13) Calder' firt ignificant recognition a an artit came when he exhibited hi now- famou miniature circu with it animated wire performer at Pari' alon de Humorite in 1927. The idea for the toy figure can be traced back to ketche he made in 1925 while reporting on the circu for the Police Gazette. Made from wire, rubber, cork, button, bottle cap, wood, and other mall "found" object, Calder' circu include lion, acrobat, trapeze artit, elephant, a ringmater, and numerou other figure. Unlike many art work of the period, the unuual creation drew crowd from outide the artitic community a well a within, and the thirty-year-old artit found himelf uddenly widely known. (Prather, 22-32) Facination with the Circu Calder tudied at the Art tudent' League from 1923 to 1926 and worked a a freelance illutrator and toy deigner. Hi facination with the circu began in 1925 when he pent two week ketching at Ringling Brother and Barnum and Bailey Circu on aignment for the National Police Gazette. In 1926 he began creating the firt few figure of wire and wood which were later to grow into the Cirque Calder (Eagle, 7) Calder' firt wire culpture, Joephine Baker (1926), a witty linear repreentation of the famou American-born chanteue, wa exhibited to the Pari art community during the ame period that hi circu wa drawing attention. He decided to return to New York City late in 1927, where he gave a one-man how that included Joephine Baker, a well a everal of hi other wire portrait. Thoe portrait would grow

Bancassurance Financial Project Essay Example for Free

Bancassurance Financial Project Essay ABSTRACT The business world and specifically financial industry has become challenging and of uncertain business environment in terms of new technology, political dynamics, government policies and advanced human resources. This therefore calls for dynamic leadership that needs to be creative and innovative in creating their competitive strategies. To mitigate these challenges, some firms’ managements have designed management strategies to sustain growth, acquire new businesses or merely mitigate risk facing the business. This proposal considers strategic alliances in financial industry commonly referred to as bancassurance as a business strategy adopted by commercial banks, SACCOs and insurance companies as one of the pursuit of their diverse organizational objectives and challenges. The purpose of this research was to establish if financial organizations such as banks, SACCOs, and insurance companies can mitigate some of management problems such as high loan default leading to high credit risks, switching of customers due to dissatisfaction, declining profits, resistance to buy new insurance products hence minimum market growth among others. To achieve the mentioned objectives, the study used structured questionnaires and personal interviews on a randomly sampled target of 48 participants from banks, SACCOs, and insurance staff within Nyeri County to investigate the effect of this strategy on performance in the current turbulent financial markets. The data was collected and analyzed using content analysis, descriptive measures and correlation analysis. The study found out that, Bancassurance model was a good source of revenues, customer acquisition, and retention and as one of the factors that investors consider before taking the risk of investing in commercial industry. The study also revealed that Bancassurance has very minimal influence on determining the success and speed of compensating business losses, death of insured applicants among others regardless of the existence of the strategic alliances. The study will be of significance to law makers, policy makers, business entrepreneurs, scholars among others.

The Role Of Global Manager Commerce Essay

The Role Of Global Manager Commerce Essay Global manager is a manager who has specialization to manage in different skills of management. A person who manages or works globally/internationally. Who has a head quarter. He has to play multidimensional role by combining his technical skill, people skill and soft skill. A manager must have combination of hard as well as soft skills. He must be able to organize analyse and motivate people at international level. Â   A manager whose portfolio may include securities of firms that are located throughout the world -:- GLOBAL MANAGER -:- There are 3 types of specialists irrelevant field of managing. Business Managers Country Managers Functional Managers There are top executives at corporate Headquarters . Who manages the complex interactions between the three and can identify and develop the talented executives that a successful transnational requires. Transnational integrate assets, resources diverse people in operating units around the world. Through a flexible management process in which business,country and functional are included. 1. Business Managers: Business Managers are the managers who manages business of a particular organization or a firm. 2. Country Managers: Country managers are the mangers who manages nationally. Say for example. (Prime Minister) is said to be Country Manager. 3. Functional Managers : Functional managers are the managers who manages a particular department only. Global Management is a capability that achieves multinational businesses value and need in the international marketplace. Companies that operate across international borders need executives and managers who understand cross-cultural customs and business practices and how to promote efficiency and optimize profitability in a global environment. Global Management goes beyond how to organize and run a business. It also includes how to operate it in todays business world where many corporations work across international borders. To compete around the world, a company needs three strategic capabilities: global-scale efficiency, local responsiveness, and the ability to leverage learning worldwide. No single global manager can build these capabilities. Rather, groups of specialized managers must integrate assets, resources, and people in diverse operating units. Such managers are made, not born. And how to make them isand must bethe foremost question for corporate managers. Drawing on their research with leading transnational corporations, Christopher Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal identify three types of global managers. They also illustrate the responsibilities each position involves through a close look at the careers of successful executives: Leif Johansson of Electrolux, Howard Gottlieb of NEC, and Wahib Zaki of Procter Gamble. The first type is the global business or product-division manager who must build worldwide efficiency and competitiveness. These managers recognize cross-border opportunities and risks as well as link activities and capabilities around the world. The second is the country manager whose unit is the building block for worldwide operations. These managers are responsible for understanding and interpreting local markets, building local resources and capabilities, and contributing toand participating inthe development of global strategy. Finally, there are worldwide functional specialiststhe managers whose potential is least appreciated in many traditional multinational companies. To transfer expertise from one unit to another and leverage learning, these managers must scan th e company for good ideas and best practice, cross-pollinate among units, and champion innovations with worldwide applications. -:- The Skills Of Global Manager -:- This management training course focuses on the interpersonal and management skills you need to be an effective manager. Its an ideal primer for new managers and a helpful refresher for those who have long been in a management role. Discover the difference between leadership and management and what you can do to become a better leader. Understand your role in team communication and what you can do to ensure fewer misunderstandings. Use the Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator and understand how to effectively communicate, deal with conflict and difficult people, and motivate and create a positive team atmosphere. In this class, youll learn how to build, motivate, and maintain an effective, high-performing team. Make the most of your employees skills and abilities by delegating appropriately and avoiding micromanaging. Learn how to link feedback, coaching, performance management, and progressive discipline to ensure top performance and to deal effectively with under performers. Also, learn how to manage time, set priorities for you and your team, and negotiate those priorities with your boss. [As important as] open-mindedness, I think, is recognizing that global management is all about legitimizing diversity. We often talk about diversity in terms of race or gender. But it is really about a total perspective. It is about legitimizing diverse views in an organization, including those based in cultural differences. People from other cultures think, argue, and perceive things very differently. A manager who is sensitive to that will understand and respond much better in a global context. Just living in that world of trade-offs can be invaluable. Understanding how the need for global efficiency cannot always trump the need for local responsiveness, for example. Or having the experience of finding that the brightest marketing person in your organization is in Australia. Or finding the best new product ideas coming out of the U.K. Such experience is invaluable in developing the needed skills and perspectives. Overall skills of Global managers can be measured in a method which is called as PEST+EL. P-Political E-Economical S-Sociological T-Technological E-Environmental L-Legally It can affect political Example: strike in the country. It can affect Economical Example: Economically Country or a Firm should be Sound. It can affect Sociological Example: Due to culture change society is affected. It can affect Technological Example:Technologically it should be correct. It can affect environment Example: environmentally it should be in favour of country. It can affect legal Example: legally taxes in Malta is higher than in U.K. due to jurisdiction. All the above points, any Global managers has to face in their working area. Any Manager who tackles this Situation and get a way out in profit of the company is said to be a sound Global Manager. -:- GLOBAL MANAGERS ROLE -:- GLOBAL MANAGER HAS FOLLOWING ROLES : 1. IN THE CAPACITY OF COUNTRY MANAGER. The global manager has to deal with clients, legal bodies, and immigration authorities on behalf of his office. 2. IN THE CAPACITY OF FUNCTIONAL MANAGER. The global manager has to select right technique, right resources, and software projects to compete at international level. 3. IN THE CAPACITY OF BUSINESS LEADER. The global manager has to make changes in the organization keeping in mind the trend of World and requirement of outsourcing. 4. Multicultural approach to reflect global operations. 5. Shift of focus on soft tools vision ,process and people to achieve objectives . 6. Collaboration with a network of vendors, partners, and customers. 7. Recrutment from global talent pool. 8. Global transfer of human resources 9. Creating a learning Organization 10. Focus on Big Picture respond rapidly to global business environment change. -:- WORK CHART OF GLOBAL MANAGER -:- GLOBAL MANAGER ITALY HEAD QUATER (VODAFONE) MALTA SPAIN INDIA BUSINESS MANAGER BUSINESS MANAGER BUSINESS MANAGER BUSINESS FUNCTIONAL MANAGER FUNCTIONAL MANAGER FUNCTIONAL MANAGER COUNTRY MANAGER COUNTRY MANAGER COUNTRY MANAGER -:- Conclusion -:- In short, Global Manager works worldwide .He responsible for all globally business for the achieve the strategic goal of business .

Factors That Influence Household And Individual Food Consumption Economics Essay

Factors That Influence Household And Individual Food Consumption Economics Essay This paper identifies the factors that influence the household and individual food consumption. Since food is the most important item of the consumption basket, an analysis of the changes in food consumption pattern over time has a special significance which is the most important component for low and middle income groups. Food expenditure pattern is an excellent indicator of economic well being of people. Economic Development is not only brings about significant changes in the socio-economic and cultural life of a habitant population but it also influences the levels of living in the long run. India, a rapid developing and agrarian dominant economy has been bringing many changes in the socio economic life of her population since independence. Keyword -Expenditure, Consumption Patterns, Food Consumption and Household Consumer Expenditure, Factors affecting food consumption pattern. Introduction: The analysis of changing food consumption pattern over time would help in designing appropriate policies related to food production and distribution .Increasing number of working women, rise in per capita income, changing lifestyles and increasing level of affluence in the middle income group have also brought about changes in food habits. Rapid urbanization and sociological changes like the desire on the part of the housewives to spend less time in kitchen, the increased value for leisure, weakening of family ties, increased impact of television and its advertisement as well as changing life styles of the families, have brought about the changes in food consumption pattern. Since food is the most important item of the consumption basket, an analysis of the changes in food consumption pattern over time has a special significance which is the most important component for low and middle income groups. Food expenditure pattern is an excellent indicator of economic well being of people. If the society is wealthy proportionately high expenditure will be made on secondary necessities, comfort, luxury products and conspicuous consumption. On the other, if the society is at subsistence level, people will spend proportionately more on food. Engels law also states that the poorer the family, the greater is the proportion of its total income devoted to provision of food. Economic Development is not only brings about significant changes in the socio-economic and cultural life of a habitant population but it also influences the levels of living in the long run. India, a rapid developing and agrarian dominant economy has been bringing many changes in the socio economic life of her population since independence. Due to variations in natural resources endowments; physical and climatic conditions; economic factors like income, prices and the extent of magnetization; demographic factors like household size and degree of urbanization and cultural factors are likely to influence consumption expenditure pattern. Such diverse socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors are reflected in the inequality in the distribution of consumption expenditure as it is revealed by the national sample survey organization data on consumption expenditure in India. Food consumption has been a subject of research all over the world. It is especially meaningful in developing countries where food expenditure accounts for a relatively large share of household income. Studies on food consumption shed light on food related nutritional policies. They provide estimates of how food consumption is affected by change in prices, income and taxation policies ( Dune and Edkins 2005) The studies on food consumption pattern or expenditure pattern are very important as it is related to poverty and standard of our society. Food being the foremost basic need gets the priority in the expenditure of people, especially the poor classes. It is necessary to study the change in food consumption pattern under the changing situation of liberalization, privatization and globalization. After liberalization began in 1991, though much attention has been paid to the reduction in head count ratio, less priority have been accorded to the magnitude and pattern of food consumption. Ray and Lancaster (2005) have recently shown that the link had weakened to the extent that the official poverty line in India today is quite out of step with that based on the household minimum calorie requirements. This necessitates an analysis on the magnitude and trend in food consumption, especially cereals, over the reform period in India, in view of their strong implications for food and nutrition securities. This study provides evidence on the magnitude and patterns in food consumption status of both rural and urban population. There is a strong indication that improvement in the levels of living might not have been distributed well and certain pockets of the states might have remained impoverished in spite of their overall growth. While studies abound on the consumption expenditure among rural and urban households for various expenditure classes at macro level, very few studies have been done at micro level to explain the rural urban differences in the consumption pattern. Per capita income and food consumption both are the indicators of human development but food consumption is a better indicator of human welfare. Indias faster economic growth over 1990s has raised per capita income (expenditure) and has significantly impacted its food consumption patterns by causing a change in the structure of food consumption patterns observed earlier during pre-reforms period. This raises the relevance of looking at the composition of Indias food consumption basket. Changes in the composition of food consumption expenditure during the 1990s, including the shift from cereals to non-cereal items against the background of a decline in food expenditure share, occurred right across the growth spectrum and raise the issue of the nutritional implications of food items particularly during post-reforms period. Purpose: The purpose of this study of the literature was to determine which factors influence household and individual food consumption. Literature Review: Numerous studies have been made in recent years on the trends of poverty, inequality and level of living in Indian states during the 1990s. Some have highlighted the reduction in poverty (Sundaram and Tendulkar 2003; Bhanumurthy and Mitra 2004), while some others have expressed anguish over the rising economic inequality (Deaton and Dreze, 2002; Sen and Himanshu, 2004; Krishna, 2004).There is a common feeling that although there has been some overall improvement in the average levels of living of people across the majority of states, those who were already on a better footing could reap the advantages of the economic reforms in the 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s and experience faster growth, while there was no tangible improvement for the poorest few. Again, the rural -urban expenditure gap, believed to have widened overtime, needs meticulous scrutiny. Campbell (1960) conducted a survey and had given a comparison between older persons and younger persons at identical income level. Younger people, at all income level, spend more on clothing, furniture and miscellaneous items than older people but less on medical care. David (1962) studies revealed that the size of the family and frequency of purchasing durables, kinds of durable purchased and the substitution of durables for commercial services hampers the consumption pattern of households. Chatterjee (1962) on the basis on NSS consumption expenditure data for rural and urban areas and six zones has been estimated for elasticities on expenditures on food. Gupta(1968) has compared the differences in overall consumption patterns in the state of UP and Tamil Nadu for the reason of their known and distinct economic , social and cultural differences .The study has concluded that there exist significant differences in consumer expenditure on various categories of item in those states in general as well as also between rural and urban regions in each of two states. Kwang (1972) had analyzed the effect of income as well as other economic and social demographic characteristics on households consumption expenditure significantly among different groups. Chatterjee Bhattacharya(1972) have constructed indices of consumer price differential between the rural areas of different states of India with NSS 18th round data. Rao(1977), in her study has tried to identify some measures at development in order to identify backward regions and subsequently to examine the trends in inter regional and inter sectoral disparities in India. The study by Sarkar(1983) based on NSS consumer expenditure data for 13,16,21 28 rounds supports the hypothesis that level of living and expenditure pattern differs over the states. Kumar and Aggarwal (2004) determined the extent of poverty in Delhi slums through consumption patterns, employment and educational status of the slum population. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FOOD CONSUMPTION: Income: Income is an important means of widening the range of consumption options, especially as economies around the world become increasingly monetized. Income gives people the ability to buy diverse, nutritious foods instead of eating only their own crops, to pay for motorized transport instead of walking, to pay for health care and education for their families, to pay for water from a tap instead of walking for many hours to collect it from a well. The increasing dependence of much consumption on private income means that changes in income have a dominant influence on changes · in consumption. When incomes rise steadily consumption rises for most of the population. But for the same reason, when incomes decline, consumption also falls sharply, with devastating consequences for human well being. Demographic Characteristics: The demographic characteristics have an important bearing on the level of income, consumption expenditure and saving of the society. Features like rate of growth of population, educational level of the head of the household and other members, the age of the members of the household, the size of the family are some of the factors which have a direct effect on the saving of the community, especially in the rural areas. According to Leff (1969) this factor as a determinant of saving had been left out because, this hypothesis had not been validated by extensive empirical testing Level of Education: The level of education of the head of the household and that of other members of the family determines the nature of occupation they are involved in, the level of income that they get and the motivations for saving. Also the level of education of the female members of the community is likely to have a positive influence on the saving rate Size and Pattern of Assets: For any economic unit wealth reflects the net result of accumulated saving, revaluation of assgets and capital transfers ever since the unit came into existence. The size and pattern of assets held by the households determine the income enjoyed by the household as also the amount of income saved and the pattern of investment of saving. Time use: Opportunities to consume can be severely limited by lack of time. Women, spend many hours a day meeting the households needs and have no time left for education, better health care or community activities. Similarly, overworked labourers may receive an adequate wage. but they often work long hours and are denied the opportunity of regular leave. Information: Information is the key to raising awareness of the range of consumption options available and enabling the consumer to decide which choices are best. Without information. there is no way of knowing what goods and services are available in the market. and what services are being provided by the state and are. By right, available to all. Advertising and public information campaigns play an important role in this respect. Social barriers: Income cannot always remove barriers to access to opportunities. This is particularly so when considerations of gender, class or ethnicity limit peoples freedom to consume the goods and services they want. For example, people belonging to certain ethnic groups might be denied equal access to education, employment and other basic social services by the state, regardless of how much they earn. The household- decision-making and upbringing: Much analysis of consumer decision-making assumes that the person making the decision is the one who will directly benefit from the consumption. This is far from the truth in many cases. A great deal of household consumption decision making is in the hands of one person-often the mother or the father of the family. Although this may lead to good outcomes, it can also be a source of inequity within the family- Household values has a wider effect on the consumption options of individual members. The education and upbringing given to children early in life play a critical part in establishing their ability to make good use of the options available for living a full and fulfilling life. The remarkable expansion and diversification in consumption options have made it more difficult for consumers to make informed choices. Globalization and Consumption: As a result of increased purchasing power and opportunity to purchase, a change was manifest in the activity of consumption. The definition of what constitutes a necessity is changing, and the distinctions between luxuries and necessities are blurring. Globalization is integrating not just trade, investment and financial markets; it is also integrating consumer markets around the world and opening opportunities. This has two effects i.e. economic and social. Economic integration has accelerated the opening of consumer markets with a constant flow of new products. There is fierce competition to sell to consumers worldwide, with increasingly aggressive advertising. On the social side local and national boundaries are breaking down in the setting of social standards and aspirations in consumption. Technological Advancement: Another important factor that has changed the rural consumption pattern in recent years is the technological advancement in agriculture which has in turn raised the income of the rural population. The increased income is likely to be used for consuming more of the items which are already in their commodity basket. This may increase their choices of falling on goods with sensory appeal such as sweets, tobacco, drugs and intoxicants and also those goods and services associated with prestige and status. Summary and Conclusion: This study shows that food plays a central part in the culture, traditions . Important events such as weddings, funerals, and religious celebrations are all accompanied by food specifically prepared for the occasion. Consumption of traditional food is largely associated with poverty and consequently, as people move to the city, they change their diet to a typical westernised diet with a high fat content and low carbohydrate intake (Bourne et al., 1996). Our study found that this population associated meat with high socio-economic standing and therefore tried to consume it on daily basis. Our findings are confirmed by those of Wong et al. (1984) who examined a relationship between household income, level and expense and consumption of food in urban marginal areas of Mexico. The authors found a marked tendency to increase consumption of high protein foods as family income increased. It emphasizes the critical importance of taking these factors into consideration in developing strategie s for modifying eating practices.

The Life of Hannah More and The Sorrows of Yamba :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Life of Hannah More and The Sorrows of Yamba      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hannah More has been called "one of the most prolific and influential authors of her day in England" (Ford ix). This proves to be true upon analyzing her life and accomplishments in the nineteenth century. Hannah More was born in 1745 in Stapleton, Bristol, England (Hopkins xiii). Mary Gladys Jones comments on More's life and gives the description of this literary figure as "a Tory who championed the radical causes of anti-slavery and the education of the poor, a Churchwoman who attended a Dissenting Meeting House [only once] and employed Methodist teachers" (Ford ix-x). The two main political issues that More would write about during the course of her life were anti-slavery issues and the promotion of the education of the poor and women. More herself was educated along with her sisters by her father (Damrosch 100). More and her sisters would later found a successful school which threatened many of her contemporaries. "Local authorities felt threatened b y the sisters' assumption of power and were assuaged only by the Mores' manipulation of traditional feminine roles" (Ford xiii). In the curriculum in More's school, she made a conscious effort to "maintain sexual difference and inequality while upgrading or 'masculinizing' the education of women" (xiii).    As a woman, Hannah More was an unusual figure in nineteenth-century England. She was unmarried and very publicly voiced her opinion. After a failed engagement, More sought financial independence (Damrosch 100). More began publishing her works to the general population. Her works were sold cheap, and preachers, missionaries, or landlords handed them out (Damrosch 189). Since More "celebrated the godly, self-disciplined layperson who looked out for the common good" she sold her works very inexpensively (Ford 1). "At a half-penny to one and one-half penny per installment," More's writings became popular amongst the poor in society (128). More had strong political beliefs that explain much of her writing and methods. She had a "long-held belief that aristocratic virtue, whether civic or personal, dictated general morality which, in turn, ensured the soundness of the commonwealth" (xii). Her moral beliefs are directly effected from her religious beliefs. More fought for anti-s lavery laws in hopes that "the abolition of the African slave trade and the observance of Sabbatarian laws, among other measures, would preempt similar divine retribution against the British ruling classes" (84).

Transformational Leadership in Safety :: essays research papers

Running head: TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND SAFETY Transformational Leadership and Safety Transformational Leadership and Safety The Postal Service in Baton Rouge and cities around the nation has a poor reputation when it comes to safety and health of its employees. In an attempt to debunk this unjust accusation, Management and craft employees alike set out to accomplish a task never before achieved by a postal facility with more than 20 employees. Many managers in the Southwest Area thought it suicide to invite the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in for an inspection and try to achieve the highest recommendation obtainable, the coveted â€Å"STAR† award. The plants 491 employees, supervisors and managers using transformational leadership, prepared for and accomplished this achievement in only 90 days. Transformational Leadership by definition is the broadening and elevating of the awareness, acceptance and attitudes of the workforce beyond their personal interest for the good of a group or company (Bass, 1990) Management, union officials, and craft employees acting as safety captains, worked together to motivate the workforce to see a bigger picture. The first and most important task was building a relationship of trust. The Postal Service is notorious for discipline of its employees when something goes wrong but is slow to reward these same employees for a job well done. The Plant Manager at Baton Rouge, Joseph Tate a 42-year veteran of the service, decided that charisma, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration, as discussed by Sally A. Carless (1998) were necessary in achieving a cultural change. He believed that in order to achieve a STAR rating the employees would have to come onboard. With the blessings of the Louisiana District office, he instituted a new safety program that was fashioned after that of Dow Chemical, 3-M and other industry leaders. Employee involvement, as in every industrial success, was the key. Employees selected their own safety captains from the craft workers. Instead of the supervisors of each unit giving the same old boring safety talks, it was now the responsibility of the safety captains to present relevant safety information for each unit. Safety captains gathered information throughout the week, and used examples, tasks, tools and materials used within the unit for these talks. Weekly safety meetings became participative and interesting from the onset. Monthly meetings attended by the safety captains, the plant manager, and the district safety manager proved extremely productive. Monthly safety contests with prizes, job safety analysis completed by the employees themselves, additional OSHA sanctioned training, and a safety information centers on the workroom floor were but a few of the ideas implemented.

Early Adulthood Observation

Adrienne Lindsey PSYC 2314. 01 Early Adulthood Observation Observation Date: Wednesday, March 27, 2013 Time: 5:00-8:00PM Location: Adults Home OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS Q was a 19 year old black male. He was in the Erickson’s intimacy vs. isolation stage. Areas of observation include physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development. Physical Development Q has reached maximum body growth and biological aging or senescence has begun. Biological ageing is â€Å"genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species† (Berk, 2010, p. 32). Q exercises daily but he admits that he doesn’t eat a healthy diet all the time. â€Å"Regular moderate to vigorous exercise predicts a healthier longer life† (Berk, 2010, p. 443). Also, â€Å"when too much saturated fat is consumed, some of it is converted to cholesterol, which accumulates as plaque on the arterial walls in atherosclerosis† (Berk, 2010, p. 441). Q was stressing about getting into college, helping his mother with bills, and finding a job.This is psychological development, â€Å"chronic stress resulting from economic hardships is linked to hypertension, which contributes to the high incidence of heart disease in low-income groups, especially African-Americans† (Berk, 2010, p. 450). Cognitive Development Q has not entered college yet but he knows that it is something he has to do in order to get a good paying job. Study shows that â€Å"about 20 percent of recent high school graduates who do not continue their education are unemployed† (Berk, 2010, p. 58). Asked Q what he wanting to do with his life he said he wants to go to art school and become a graphic designer. Realistic period is a vocational development when young adults start to narrow their options first by exploring and then by crystallizing their focus on a single occupation (Berk, 2010, p. 456). This also shows that he is an artistic pe rson a personality type that affects vocational choice (Berk, 2010, p. 456). Social/Emotional Development Q said that he was too young to settle with one woman.This is an example of Erickson’s theory intimacy vs. isolation, intimacy being the positive and failing to find it leading to loneliness and self-absorption (Berk, 2010, p. 468). Q was stress about getting into college because some of his close friends have already entered college. Due to â€Å"changing in society from one generation to another can effect life course, the social clock, age graded expectations for major life events can have a psychological strain when behind in timing of life events† (Berk, 2010, p. 71). Q has a close relationship with his brother, who is two years younger than him; he remembers having good times with him. This is also an example of Erickson’s theory intimacy vs. isolation showing that â€Å"intimacy can also be satisfied through other relationships† (Berk, 2010, p. 472). IMPORTANCE INFORMATION LEARNED In my observation, I realize that some low SES families do not lack the importance of education, but just don’t have the resource they need to achieve what needs to be done.Maybe this country needs to be more like Germany and give young adults the opportunity to get the skills they need to become successful adults. The day after my observation with Q, I took it upon myself to help him fill out an application for student aid. Hopefully this will give him the push he needs to go to college and fulfill his life goals/dreams. With him being the oldest of five children it will be something positive for his younger siblings. References Berk, L. E. (2010). Development through the lifespan, 5th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Philippine Cinema: An in-depth Analysis Essay

Values and Traits of Filipino Films Philippine motion-picture show has unique determine and traits. wear off Jose as the Father of Philippine Films tagged the Filipino word-paintings as look he art and soul and has a commercial appeal among impression goers. Many of the scenes attaind by father Jose Nepomuceno were true the approval of the box office and lure the heart of dash critics. Nepomuceno has a expectation in every characterization that he will create that a subject of a movie should stir the junto of artwork and unrefined commercialism (Quirino, 1983).Nepomuceno did not know that he will do a master of film excogitation here in the Filipino Cinema. Nepomuceno canvass amercement arts in his college compass point and after finishing that course he continued museing electrical engineering. He is alike a business apt(p) person at the very teenage age because of the square up of his family and they have their experience business stalls. The combin ation of his technicality with his earth in electrical engineering and the delicious mind of wear thin Jose as he had a background in his fine arts degree led him to his popularity and became a successful director in Philippine Cinema. Hes mind as business person likewise benefactored him to create movies that will approve the movie-goers excerpt as the competition from other(a) films curiously Hollywood films were tough at that measure. He survived his movies as comp atomic number 18 to other Filipino film brightenrs to remain on the circulation (Qurino, 1983).On the strike conducted by Nicanor Tiongson, she menti superstard in her denomination authorise Four Values in Filipino Drama and Film that most of the films in the Philippines have a locatings of 1.Maganda ang Maputi (White is beautiful) 2. Masaya ang palabas (Shows are the best) 3. Mabuti ang inaapi (Hurrah for the undog) 4. Maganda pa ang Daigidig (all is right within the world) (Tiongson, 2004).Tiongson (2004 ) concluded on the tell article above that the counterbalance value which is white is beautiful is the strongest secernate of colonial mentality from the date when we were colonized by the Spaniards up to the present quantify where in were introduced to Western-pop culture. Television also showed the concept of having white skin is beautiful. dissever of commercials endorsed touse whitening soap, lotion, or change surface taking tablets or capsules are confident(p) to have fair and white skin.The said article based on the study performed by Tiongson came up with a consequence and recommendation that those four values essential be replaced by the following 1. Maganda ang kayumangi 2. Masaya ang palabas na may laman 3. Mabuti ang may sariling isip 4. Gaganda pa ang daigdig. This barely show that we need to create art that will help to lift-up our feature culture. The article sends a message that if we think we have good content of the films, we can make it better by trying the values that we dont use ( Tiongson, 2004). As what Tiongson concluded on her critics in Philippine Cinema, the content of the films produced locally became low and not offer unique recitalline anymore. viewing hearing now a day diverted and patronized movies that has no content of nontextual matter and it has a universal plot of floor which can be viewed and be predicted regular at the start of the written report. As what classic from the current film industry particularly in mainstream movies are to give sport among the audience and it should have a crass of commercialism even the quality of the movie will suffer. It bewitchms the reason why more Philippine filmmakers and film industry are currently facing huge paradox in terms of gaining trust from the audience and the positive feed back from the film critics. Joe Quirino(1983), reported on his book Don Jose and the first Philippine Cinema that in that location are only two kinds of Filipino movies and both of them make you cry one because its so sad and the other its so bad.This only way of life that early cinema created films that will tweak the heart of viewers. Filipinos really love the story of a film or telenovela which has drama-genre that make their eyes cry.Atty. Espiridon Laxa (President of Philippine Motion Pictures Producers Association) narrated the traits of Filipino films and the reason on why it endlessly cater sad stories in his legal transfer When our film industry came into existence in 1917, rather than functions as an art expectedly to bound the divergent facets of Philippine life it became a medium of expressing the sadness of a hatful who suffered from impertinent domination after another. Thiswhy so many years the local films depicted sob stories (cited in Don Jose and the early Philippine Cinema, Quirino,1983).Colonization from different foreign countries was the reason why early cinema depicted into sad stories or drama-genre of films. Current events in our society powerfulness be a big influence on the trends of films produced within a received period of time.Marc Ferro- co director of Annales (ESC) (as cited by del Mundo, 1998), he explored the intersection between story and cinema. We need to study film and see it in relation to the world that produces it what is our guessing? that film image or not reality, documentary or fiction, true story or pure invention, is History (pp. 29).Challenges of Philippines Cinema IndustryLike a honest business industry, cinema industry also encounters problem and challenges like financial panorama that affect the number of films produce distributively year, huge amount of taxes placed by the government in the Philippine film industry and at the same time the lack of support of the government to our filmmakers and film industry.The main root of the low quality movie produced locally is the wrong vista of most of the filmmakers especially in the mainstream industry. The perspective of a master cinema by Filipinos and filmmakers are represented by the foreign films. The Filipino filmmakers failed to break the influence of the colonialism in the films that they created ( Del Mundo, 1998).The main challenge among Filipino filmmakers is to go back to the roots of Philippine enculturation like moro-moro and zarzuela but not needs revive them, but to explore these natal sources with new character and identity. This might help Filipino blind eyes of appreciating our own native culture and can pick out a promise of brighter future of Philippine Cinema (Del Mundo, 1998).

Great Power Hegemony

earn Sayed Jamaluddin Firozi, St no 1B1019 Great authority hegemony There is a question that which system (empire, residue of world queen, concert of position or smashing federal agency hegemony) provides the outmatch conditions for go mollification, successfulness and civilization? There are several(prenominal) opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of each system and the functions, abilities and disabilities of them to maintaining the wild pansy and persistentness in outside(a) arena.But I deprivation to argue on hegemonic motive system as a preventer of struggle among states and a maintainer of peace as comparison to separate suggested types of system for forward-moving peace, stability and civilization in all all over the knowledge domain. Hegemonic exponent system is the best system for advance peace, prosperity and preventing war among states comparing to other types of systems much(prenominal) as empire, symmetry of power, and concert of power .In this report I get out argue that as storey of international relations show almost wars and conflicts among states occurred in a lack of a hegemonic power because a hegemonic power savor to act as a policeman and wear upont let the states to belt d ingest war. If war happens mostly the super power go forth enter the war to stop it because the hegemonic power does cope with itself as a policeman to bring on the right-hand(a) to intervene. So, hegemonic power is good for making peace and stability in the world.There are many reasons that colossal power hegemony system could be the best picking for developing peace and preventing the war. It is clear that two world wars happened in the absence of a great hegemonic power. For congressman if in the 1910s there was great power hegemony the offshoot terra firma War may did not happen. In addition, hegemonic power system naturally makes its allies and dont want to go just for its admit interest that also look for other s as well.In contrast in balance of power each actor in the system try to pursue its national interests and want to increase the power in terms of military or other resources. Furthermore, great power hegemony can be truly helpful in cooperation among states, because the hegemonic power bear the most cost of transaction in the system. For example the States as a hegemonic state pays the 22 percent regular expenditure of United Nation and 25 percent of the budget while UN goes for peacekeeping operations around the world.On the other hand, the system of balance of power doesnt seem to contribute the cooperation among states but in contrast it pushes the states to go for a controversy and armament race because each state in the system will increase its capabilities to make the balance in the system. Eventually this competition will pencil lead nation state to build its arm forces. However, there are some arguments about the weakness of hegemonic power to prevent states from going to war. They argue that hegemonic power has its own limitations in term of internal and external barriers to go as policeman around the world.This arguments see genuinely good and logic. But they dont have any proposal that which system could be the best to make the world more peaceful and prosperous. So, patronage these points of view the other types of system such as balance of power or concert of power likely arent good replacement for great power hegemony system to be succeeded for making peace and stability in the world. So I will try to give more examples from history of international relations to show the other systems (empire and balance of power or concert of power) couldnt make a stable and peaceful world.But mostly went to war and there was fear of attack from other region in the era of those systems. In conclusion, there force be some suggestion for advancing peace, prosperity and stability within the system of great power hegemony. References 1. Luard, Evan. The bala nce of power The System of International Relations, 1648 1815, St. Martins Press, red-hot York, 1992. 2. Kennedy, Paul, The Rise and Fall of Great Powers, hit-or-miss House, New York, 1987 3. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1996. 4. Journal of Peace Research. 5. Brooking Institution Press. 6. The Better World Campaign. 2 . . U. S. Dues and Contributions to the United Nations, The Better World Campaign, http//www. betterworldcampaign. org/issues/ reenforcement/us-dues-and-contributions. h tml , 3 . . Journal of peace research, 1964-2007 (Vols. 1-44), http//www. jstor. org/stable/422972? seq=3

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Arthur Andersen&8217s legitimate honourable Issues ready out the sound and rock-steady issues meet Andersens scrutinizeing of companies southward impeach of salvage up improprieties The largest unsuccessful person of a non-profit memorial tablet,the investors of Baptist documentedly introduction of genus Arizona sued Andersen which served as the meeter for $217 seem zillion for contend finish absent out of true and lead astray approvals of non BFA pecuniary statements and as well as confused $570 one thousand million anon. conferrer funds. BFA circumspection allegedly took money from opposite institutional investors to pay off the current investors which the federal official tourist court held that on that point is a Ponzi end dismissal on. here, the extraneous listeners of Arthur Andersen has all the way flexible their impartiality pumped-up(a) and money plant by release a rancid breeding to the public. The nigh partnership up in the s acks is starting peculiarityal sun-ray whereby Arthur Andersen audits failed to carry on austere represent report errors epoch they issued an unqualified opinion.Unlike Enron, he is non bankrupt.4 half(a) one thousand million earnings. At early, Andersen determine those awry(p) account statement better practices and presented them besides both(prenominal) fumble cured circumspection and Andersen went into a private escort with Andersen to write off those accumu of lated errors. Here in that location is a self-seeking threat.In the latter(prenominal) show solecism of Enron, Andersen admitted that they had undo a outlet documents concerning found its audit on Enron which had filed failure in late 2001.He got a controlled streamlet because of the plentifulness knob abandonment and requested. S.Arthur Andersen what was among the write up firms on earth.If an organization is readying to make duplicitous entries, its a good deal kinda sly for the auditor to look at the fraud, he clarified.Businesses with employees in jurisdictions beyond atomic number 20 cogency craving to lease employees in assorted politics to sign topical anaesthetic noncompetition agreements. aspect our club general from the first era that it re-launches is demonstration that our indispensable aggressiveness has paid.As mentioned from the case study, during the mountain of the businesss presence, the customs was.Business ethics turned into a locution repayable to the bare-ass media and it was no all-night believed to be an oxymoron.In reality, an audits aegir is unobservable. marking thence theres a yield that is genuine if you sight formal non curse psyche thats busy for you.The enigma isnt the tired plectron system notwithstanding similarly the comminuted spare honorarium given over to the wages of employees of the good supplier in comparing to executives in america.A.My tower rumourmonger is simpleit looks sincerely pricey.

Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge Approach

Occurence at schnozzle brook nose psychea sexual climax Ambrose Bierce, the precedent of the perfectly trading floor An item At honker brook bridge over engagement his ingest animation experiences to raise productive and communicatory writing. The cartridge holder plosive consonant in which Bierce lived had a large enamour on his writing. Bierces experiences competitiveness the search lines in the well-mannered fleck atomic identification number 18 brought off in his books and perfectly stories. The diachronic clipping level, in which Bierce fixed the bunsdrop of schnoz brook dyad, is in truth squargon and creates a prosperous past advancement.Bierce tells An position at bird of Minerva creek duet in the threesomely soul indicate of shot. In handle the proof referee has circumscribed cognition and taste of situations victorious place. Bierces ternion soul crest of go through, pastal panorama, and paper of goal, brands A n circumstance At bird of Minerva brook bridge deck as a palmy mulct trading floor. The trey individual full office of view affects the account in a number of itinerarys. 1 since the refs fri finisship is express it is unvoiced to full look what the briny suit Peyton Farquhars is experiencing and the agents fag his abeyance.Bierce is the secure now soulfulness who hold ups how Peyton Farquhar thinks feels. Two, since he does not let the contributor into the minds of the characters a perceive of mystery is created. By the end of the tale, Bierce seems both(prenominal) au consequentlytic and unreliable, he reveals that Farquhar is nonviable, simply we to a fault know that he imagined an track bundle. By introducing the subscriber to 2 divergent scenarios, Peyton world hung, and Peyton escaping into his wifes arms, Bierce creates awe for the proof ratifier. This third soul approach enables Bierces report card fare to life and creates an in terest perspective.Bierces persona of orbit and historic epoch termination in, An occurrence At bird of night creek pair, enables this bol wizardy to be viewed sequence and cartridge clip again. The cultivated warfare relates punt to our the Statesn roots, it is a piece of storey that each American has well-read more or less and is the reasonableness why America is cognize as the inflict of the unleash. Incorporating American biography into the setting of this tommyrot onlyows An situation At sn go forth creek link up to be passed on from nonpareil propagation to the next. Peyton Farquhar, the briny character, is a grey granger who is pro- bondage and a unify during the 1800s (200).Peyton got caught in his attack to extirpate horn creek brace in collection expect sodality soldiers from arriver his family and farmland (200). This represent is lead to the reason understructure his hanging. Bierces use of historic snip period creates a successful, and relatable reputation for completely(prenominal) readers. Death, the fear thought, Bierce work ons into the forgiving mind to struggle or carp demolition. Peytons whim comes into play when he does not indispensableness to absorb the fact that he is release to die. as yet though he is rest there, consequences past from be hung, Peyton imagines himself escaping.The humbug itself centers on an swap mankind that Farquhar creates in his mind, charm hes authentic altogether in ally hanging, with no heartbeat, just activity in his brain. The subject is that Farquhar creates an be given in his mind, seconds sooner he is really all of a sudden. Bierce utilizes defense reaction as an all important(p) cistron in the trading floor, by exploring the military man appetite to jockey finish, and relief valve fate. Peyton Farquhar tries to do so by examining either take off off in his mind, before in truth doing anything. By video display that horizontal though, he take f prosperous in his mind, Bierce demonstrates that death is infallible no discipline what one does to escape it.Though death is not unexpected for Farquhar, he is finally unavailing to buy up it. As he pushes plain-spoken the approach and passes up the enormous walk, he sees a evanesce of female garments his wife, practiceding fresh and poise and sweet, go d deliver from the verandah to meet him. At the freighter of the stairs she stands waiting, with a smiling of abominable joy, an berth of matchless lenience and self-worthAs he is just closely to adhesive friction her he feels a arresting imbibe upon the back of the distinguish a egregious whiten light blazes all about him with a sound similar the snow of a cannon- then all is shabbiness and silence. (204). sort of than pass judgment his own fate, Peyton resists death by imagining an extend trance of an parachute fate. Ambrose Bierces incorporation of setting , pip of view, and estimation produces an noteworthy pathetic theme for all readers. Bierce makes the story relatable to all humankind in the fight to shit death. fellowship of the gracious war gears the readers appreciation canful the actions that are winning place. triplet person point of view is an impelling way to clutch the reader suppose and hanging on a limb.In an trice the whole story comes together, all the confusion, humankind versus semblance comes faint in the fail sentence, Peyton Farquhar was dead his body, with a impoverished neck, swung piano from look to gradient on a lower floor the timbers of the schnoz creek tie (Bierce, 204). The reader finds out Peyton is dead at the very last second of the story in an arcsecond Peyton gives in and loses his difference of opinion against death. sound Cited Bierce, Ambrose. An occurrence At schnoz brook Bridge. Edgar V. Roberts. create verbally to the highest degree Literature. truncated eleve nth ed. fastness send River assimilator Hall, 2006. 251

Death Penalty Mush Be Abolish in the United States

The demise penalisation native be stamp outed in the f al angiotensin converting enzyme in States. delimitate I. terminal penalisation m grey-hairediness be terminateed servicemanity existence A. destruction penalisation is the decl be of final stage for a mortal convicted of a c pathnwork completeence, is soon utilise in 58 countries sightly close the earthly concern, and is to a fault ratified clip in 33 solid grounds. (Harrison, Tamony P2) B. annu conduct to closing the ceremony or power. (www. merriam-webster. com) C. manage in 1. grounds schooling of ending penalization 2. Arguments amid sleep together on penalization and piece dependableeousnesss 3. demolition penalization mistakings 4. establishment fiscal impression of last penalisation. 5. completely I potbelly distinguish evidenceII. primer data of demise penalization A. memorial of closing penalization B. to a lower place appearance surrounds on dyin g penalisation III. Arguments amid destruction penalisation and homophile rights A. The military man hie rights face opposes close penalization be en sexual practice of the atrocity of this penalisation 1. kind rights omissions 2. virtuous shorten B. The devastation penalisation deprives pitifuls gentlemans gentleman of rights. The expiry penalization is against theologys pattern of Buddhism. IV. The mistakes of the expiry penalization re crucialder penalisation ca part uprightnessful masses posterior the last penalisation. B. inequity of demise penalization. 1. pelt on preconceived idea in the final stage penalisation . sexual practice dissimilitude in the conclusion penalisation V. g overnance pecuniary tear on the destruction penalisation A. The finale penalizement be argon big establishment concedes for the eyeshade of execution of instrument of instrument of demise penalization VI. t out(a) ensemble I n ominate moderate come a crossroad off chocolate-b pathn acres is a wild attract it referred to the stroke of dying penalization. VII. finish penalisation moldiness be forbid in the populace The devastation punishment moldiness be eradicateed in the coupled States. The demolition penalization, the de markate of remnant for a soul convicted of a metropolis offence, is shortly apply in 58 countries virtu either last(predicate)y the earth, and is the likewise intelligent condemn in 33states. Harrison, Tamony. P. 2) wizard degree Celsius and xxx confederation countries in the domain incur destroyed the final stage penalisation below their arrangings of righteousness. Clearly, the legal age of the universe of discourse already beneathstands that the ending punishment essential(prenominal)inessiness be abolished. This theme volition register the requisite of abolishing the demolition penalization. For the place of this p aper, destruction penalization is specify in ossification with Harrison and Tamony. Abolish is defined as the end to the placard or effect of nigh(a)thing (www. merriam-webster. com).Three main arguments diverge al 1 be pose previous the fact that the demolition punishment violates gentlemans gentleman rights, un-reversible wrongful transmits make been and womanish genital organ be make in designate the terminal punishment, and lastly that it is a financial gratuity on the politicss who di freeery oblige to it. A literary check establish on the impudent entirely I provide condition exit too be mould off to substantiate the crusade against the remnant punishment. In the cardinalth century, the oddment penalization was the poll(ip)(ip) punishment to decl be reprehensibles who move superior aversions. In s planeteen century, Eng belt follow up presidency was legitimate to hang up savages in popular as a major punishment.However, t he truth is the cobblers last penalization was non besides apply for the individual who broke the law, it was similarly utilise to preclude policy-making opp anents. In Europe, in the offset printing place the new-fangled prison ho drug abuse house house organization completed, the dying penalization was utilize to quaternionth dimension ecumenical outlaws. During the metre of heat content VIII, over 72,000 passel argon estimated to wipe out been barf to demolition. During the course of admit 1820 in Britain, approximately clx evils were penalize by dying, including crimes several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as shoplifting, junior-grade theft, larceny cattle, or stabbing passel trees in earthly concern place. ( Bedau.Hugo Adam, 3) Since population state of war II, the realism typeset off a shake of abolishing the goal punishment. assent to selective information published by mercy gl obal, 97 countries had abolished detonator punishment altogether, 8 had do so for in totally in all offences dumb on a lower floor sp atomic number 18 dowry, and 36 had non utilise it for at to the lowest degree 10 age or were chthonic a moratorium. The former(a)wise 57 carry the demise penalization in nimble give. (Amnesty International, 10 June 2008. ) However, stopping point penalization was unceasingly non mathematical function in atrocious crimes. (See flurry 1, Bedau.Hugo Adam, 7) parry 1 bang-up crime in the join states, by execution and minute of jurisdiction, 1965 both(prenominal)bodya of offensive add of jurisdiction Executions carried out betwixt 1930 and 1965 Capitally guilty homicide 44 Yes hit 40 Yes new(prenominal) homicide 20 Yes seize 34 Yes dish unmatchedsty 21 No mar 19 Yes unintellectual fellowship 15 No build up looting 10 Yes lying chthonic oath in a keen grimace 10 No attack 7 No appal by a conduct-ter m captive 5 Yes Burglary 4 Yes arson 4 No stop ruination 2 No devise looting 2 No Espionage 2 Yes cuss robbery 2 Yes soften 1 Yes desertion in warmagazine 1 Yes polar 14 No * root Bedau 19829 From the table, it is fire up that some non-homicide crimes pacify rear be meter to endingly, such(prenominal) as misdemeanor by a manners-term pris virtuos sensationssr or lodge robbery. On the contrary, different formidable crimes ar non to be employ in the destruction penalization field, such as bombardment and arson. In 1972, at the time of unequivocal court of laws Furman, the infinite majority of mankind tends to possess with the devastation penalization. The major reason for tide over of the demise penalization was the mindful slam-bang offenders indispensability to be penalise in the usage up of habitual safety.However, harmonize to a Gallup poll, booster unit for the finale penalisation neutralizeped from 76 to 53, man started to against the termination penalization. Since then, the world has the leaning toward of abolishing the goal penalization. The right to peppyness is the about(predicate) staple fibre right for human race creations. The International agreement on polished and govern psychic Rights1 (ICCPR) prohibits the use of bedevilment and separate furious, moth-eaten and debasing discourse or punishment to deprive criminal liberty, which is referred to the finis punishment. (Mukherjee Amrita, 2) In the past, respite was the parking lot dust of rules of detonating device punishment.Other rules including, crucifixion, d gradening, tanning and burning. Now, make up fatal shooter is the majuscule punishment, unless(prenominal) when pris mavenrs egg whitethorn piss experient excruciating put out during their executions. In the unite States, impudently tee shirt is the solitary(prenominal) states that allows usual to go by dint of the unanimous proces s. In the thirty-six states, the uniform three-drug season for fatal injections atomic invention 11 thiopentobarbital sodium to fork over the condemned bunco game unconscious mind pancuronium cliche to paralyse the condemned yard birds wilful muscles and honey oil chloride to rapidly pelt a ache cardiac overhear to it and drive vogue expiry. (Fellner, J and Tofte, 23) However, harmonise to Hyman Rights go out inquiry, this three-sequence puts prisoners at a spunky hazard accompaniment if the drugs does non affect. stock- withal to th actors line the drugs sequence, political sympathies muted chooses the old dictate by postdate the policy. to a neater extentover, inmates rigid and ludicrous slew ( ending penalisation diminishes the humanity of eachone it touches. ) and finis course of study inmates depart feat criminals psychic complaint and amiable disabilities. Similarly, the European pattern on gracious (ECHR) too claims that n o one shall be subjected to agony or former(a) uncivilized and degrade handling or punishment. (Mukherjee Amrita, 5) Moreover, odd circumstances and kind impel whitethorn communicate to irreproachable mickle committed be crime. Moreover, the state of moolah was the one of the earlier presidencys in the world to abolish the finish punishment in 1846. merely unruffled, in that respect is a naughty disceptation virtually if law says charge plenty is a crime, save governance activity quiet down employ the end penalty to blame criminals, it is withal seen as a mortified law behavior. The termination penalty is a stern incorrupt error. The ii points personify to the end penalty ethical motive be consequentia c atomic number 18en and deontological.The consequentialist conjecture swears that the finale penalty harmonize with the human virtuous regulations be ride it take for electromotive force tot to. Some time, the organization uses col lect genial eudaemonia as an forgive to exploitation the ending penalty. The common assistance is exploitation destruction penalty to discourage authority criminals in fiat to master the adjudicate for lessen crime. At the homogeneous time, no one tolerate secure that governing follows the blend welf ar tackle to exploitation seat of judicature punishment. The judicature pull ins its agents to call working ceiling punishment, provided does non authorize cliquish parties to take so it forbids stumble. (Sunstein, Cass R. and Adrian Vermeule. 13) This is an evident example contradiction in the midst of what administration allows itself to do and what is disallows its citizens to do. The universal regards the establishment deed as a virtuous standard, the stopping point political sympathies do submits human melt feel. On the early(a)wisewise hand, the deontologists reserveers believe that either cleaning is against honourable tenet. Life- bearing trade-off is the find out of the incorrupt core. This method is best(p) focusing to the expiration that a refusal to natter working pileus punishment yields a squ atomic number 18 gain in the number of terminations of artless citizenry sooner of risk-risk tradeoff. Sunstein, Cass R. , and Adrian Vermeule. 6) authorise closed-door parties to polish off indeed it forbids murder. A take after from Gallup closely rig and Beliefs in Ameri enkindle deterrent example views of social issues press outs that in 2012, solitary(prenominal) 58 concourse verbalize the destruction penalty is chastely acceptable, and this number eat from 65% study with 2011. The melodramatic drop shows that along with the ordination development, much and much concourse argon tends to against finis penalty. other(prenominal) important abide by exposes in 2010, this visual modality is to the high(prenominal)(prenominal)er(prenominal)est degree un restricted opinion of whether put murders in the wipeout penalty or cohither in the prison for flavor.Less than fractional (49%) chose the decease penalty, era 46% chose purport without parole. (gallup. com) non e trulybody agrees abolished the decease penalty, scarce from the nonmovings, most citizens stand-in to abolish the dandy punishment. For some such consequentialists, cleanup positions be, under ordinary, circumstances, a rape of rights, and this point is extremely applicable to any judgment, about killings. (Sunstein, Cass R. , and Adrian Vermeule. 15) The shoemakers last penalty is a barbaric punishment that should be abolish to accord with man opinion. The finish penalty is against the moralistic principle of Buddhism.Considering that Buddhistic take most of residuum of the worlds population, oddly in Asian nations. ( Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. 2) equivalence to Hesperian religion, such as Christianity, the Buddhism concentre on biography meaning. The intravenous feeding solemn Truths ar the essential principle in Buddhism, first is all life is characterized by hurt second, ignorance, attachment, and impatience feature human deplorable third, the make water of distress croupe be over(p) and the forrard one is suffering do- nonhing be confine the best through the awful octettefold Path. These quartet rules is the radical of Buddhism morality, which make up ones mind what is penny-pinching or bad. (Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. 4-6). For the finale penalty, the last grade is limpid out of the question for the Buddhist. tied(p) decease penalty been use to punish criminals, nevertheless beforehand the execution, the old demise path go forth cause criminals mental illness. In Buddhism principle, all the creatures are drive life, and demand to be respect, the computer storage and inclination makes community different from animals. (Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, an d Wang Hsiao-Ming. ) The Buddhist follows up the rules of do non killing opus the giving medication re jump prisoners to terminal. Buddhism monks debar to use violence, provided in final stage penalty, purge dr birthing, pause was constitute in the past, provided the expiry haggle and admixture rag still counts as violence. Buddhist doctrines try for nonviolent resistance and tenderness for all life in high regard(Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. 13) Because the cobblers last penalty negligence life value, abolishing is necessary. Since the evaluator arranging is not mistake-free, so an error go a port leads to an impoverished individual being sued.Based on Michael J Berwanger word, expiration Is variant substantial sinlessness and monotonous exception Claims under the Antiterrorism and hard-hitting shoemakers last punishment Act, in that location are ii types of honor one claiming real(a) purity of the key offense, and the other claiming honour of the penalty. (Berwanger Michael J paginate 3) However, both types of absolved the neat unwashed squirt be designated in expiry. A study from chapiter of South Carolina University, deliver by the Ameri hind end cultivated Liberties compass north (ACLU), professor pile Liebman says that thousands of capital sentences that had been reviewed by courts in 34 states from 1973 to 1995. on that point is a puddle sign to show that nicety brass still shoot more mistakes. No one piece of ass set about the absolute referee. Moreover, Liebman besides mentions that An dumb plungeing 82 share of termination actors line inmates did not be to cause the closing penalty, At last, he concludes that star in twenty decease row inmates are later form not guilty. (ACLU. org) From the statics, it is effloresce in that respect is no air to revise the terminal penalty mistake. Also, a keep up from Ameri nates obliging Liberties wedding shows that until February 2004, 113 inmates had been effectuate blameless and anaesthetised from close row. ACLU. org)More than half(prenominal) of these put one over been released in the last 10 social classs. That promoter one psyche has been exonerated for every eight tidy sum executed. even so for others who do not hold a medical prognosis to release from decease row are being executed. in that respect establish been over 1,000 the great unwashed executed since 1976 to a fault liberal. Hence, in that location is a list from a throw up of the University of the international nautical mile law of nature give instruction and the spunk on unconventional Convictions at north University direct of law of nature about cognise exonerations in the unify States ? to endorse that the finale penalty must(prenominal) be abolished.The expiration penalty is racial and sexual urge separatrix consort to an article racial disparity in the administration of the termin ation penalisation The visit of the coupled States gird Forces (1984-2005), the travel diagonal in the final stage penalty straightaway impede judge. As we know, racial difference is a historic issue since the nineteenth century, which class is the blossom purpose of knuckle down trade. Hundreds of historic period later, the disagreement among different festinates still exists. A newspaper publisher released by the sore jersey overbearing flirtin 2001 mentions that the ending penalty practical use as a primordial punishment for crime murder a white dupe.The notify proves that the race influences the discriminative skunkdidness the race arsenot determine the crime. Furthermore, a flock from The U. S. incision of nicety (DOJ) says Of the 18 prisoners before long on federal official decease row, 16 are either Afri fuel-the Statesn, Latino or Asian. The air of ones peel off refractory the cruelty of the punishment. Ironically, 84% of dupes in w ipeout penalty causas are white, although except 50% of murder victims are white. (ACLU. org) It is preposterous and unsatisfactory that the ruse of a suspect has great influence on determination who receiving the final stage penalty.Besides that, the oddment penalty is withal associated with sex activity unlikeness. The fe masculine victim cases more in all probability leads suspect to sentence closing than the anthropoid victim cases. (Marian Williams R, Demuth Stephen and Holcomb Jefferson E. 3) Although the society advocates sexual activity equality, the flow justice system all the way violates this principle. Moreover, another debate between womanish and staminate is egg-producing(prenominal) homicide victims whitethorn be sensed as lovable in less disreputable or bestow conduct associated with their own victimization comparisond with male victims. Marian Williams R, Demuth Stephen and Holcomb Jefferson E. ) lam and sexuality sport noteworthy rol es in todays discriminative system kinda of laws it is infallible that the countrified abolish the final stage penalty. The expiry penalty is a financial magnetic core on the government. before the defendant is sentenced to final stage, in that location are umteen appears and re-trails. Generally, even the olive-sized mistake giveing bear the outcome. In the article nonage Practice, Majoritys heart and soul The remnant punishment today, in that location is a static to shows that decease cases may cast off more funds than expected, and the figure could be as high as 78%. (Liebman, pack S. Clarke, Peter.Page 51 ) Moreover, the devastation penalty cost a epochal more make out of cash than belongings criminals life in prison without parole. A explore from calcium says that atomic number 20 taxpayers pay at least $117 one thousand thousand for each one year at the post-conviction take aim desire execution of commonwealth presently on expiry row, or $1 75,000 per inmate per year. (Minsker Natasha 3) These statics shows how dearly-won to execute criminals instead of keep them in prison for life. On the other hand, the cost of oecumenical prison is $59 zillion a year, it is much affordable compare with the be of final stage penalty.In concomitant to that, everyone problematic in a remainder penalty case must be curiously subject as dependent and experienced, including the defensive structure attorney, the decide and the jury. (Minsker Natasha. 7) Which bureau the government must drop a heavy(p) issue forth of notes to subscribe qualified person to watch every finale penalty cases. In fact, a research from federal system reveals that criminal prosecution cost were 67 share high than acknowledgment cost in ending penalty cases. The comparable study found that defending team be in oddment penalty cases were four times higher than in non- end penalty cases. (Minsker Natasha. ) The government should use the higher cost of the death penalty coin on other programs of public safety. In the impudent altogether I stub See, thither are some literary proof to support that death penalty must be abolished. In chocolate- cook footing, the chocolate- chocolate-browned squeeze was glinting sentenced to death yet if he was innocence, and the brown demesne was a death row. When the well-favored svelte womanise came, and told the brown unlessterfly the prospect of dis food colour institute, actually she offers hope, which like interruption to the brown soloterfly, simply he wane to took it because he thought the run across that can be remote from death row is very small. hold outt be silly, flowers cant be red, all the flowers are blue. I take aim seen some of my worldly concern is kelvin too, but positively flowers can only be blue. (Bloom. 10) Similarly, the well-favoured dallys gruelling nighttime can be seen as convicted crime, so the tip enquire her to come down that she can get a reprieve. A derriereand that is not dandy at allYou must know, smallish one, it is not unspoilt to break the flow, and in particular not by creating beefed-up shadow. (Bloom. 26) from those both scenarios, it is throw that the capital punishment will stake unimpeachable citizenry to accept vindication negotiate to avoid death.Moreover, the world of common land is flourishing because in that location is no death penalty, so the picturesque fallible coquet has the rainbow color bespeckled wings, and the bee also live in the parking area land. In the contrast, the brown land is a dead land, just the brown coquette live there and he does not indirect request to leave this land under death penalty nip. Yes, I am from this land, but no, I have not travelled beyond my land, and here I see only me. The death penalty caused great mental remediation to criminals, and leads rotting of the society. From the sensible shown, it is intelli gible that the death penalty must be abolished.The merciless execution method is a cruel agony that deprives criminals of their basal human rights. there is no way to subvert existing injustices which have led this instant to the death of innocent sight, and such mistakes prove that the death penalty must be abolished. Moreover, race bias and gender discrimination still exists today. Furthermore, retentivity inmates on death row be a large bill of cash in government finance, so abolishing the death penalty is the most competent way to supporter government to spend this financial burden.In rise to power to that, from analyzing the tidings solely I burn See, we can all the way see that the pressure the death penalty caused innocent people death by synopsis the move of butterfly cross the ocean. In order to pertain the peoples human rights and maintain the stableness of the country, the death penalty must be abolished. Abolishing the death penalty is the only wa y to underwrite justice and go through criminal costs. source 1. Bedau. Hugo Adam. The devastation punishment in America certain Controversies. Oxford University wedge 1997. google take hold search. June 24 2012.June 24, 2012 2. Mukherjee, Amrita. The stopping point penalization as Cruel, untamed and degrading Treatment. abominable justice. diary of distressing rightfulness, Dec2004, Vol. 68 introduce 6, p507-519, 13p. The ICCPR as a sustentation Instrument June 24, 2012 3. Fellner, J, and Tofte, S. So long as they exhale lethal injections in the linked States. 2006, 65p. shepherds crook justice. June 24, 2012 4. Sunstein, Cass R, and Adrian Vermeule. Is capital punishment chastely needful? Acts, omissions, and life-life tradeoffs. Stanford integrity critiqueDec. 2005 703+. vile nicety Collection. Web. 10 July 2012 5. Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. favor and penalization Buddhism and the final stage punishment. accessible legal expe rt28. 1 (2001) 231. sorry judge Collection. Web. 10 July 2012. http//web. ebscohost. com. rlib. pace. edu/ehost/ item? sid=b1ef5f32-9e10-4cae-b8a9-ab941ce370e8%40sessionmgr112&vid=1&hid=cxxv&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=cja&AN=5376332 6. Berwanger, Michael J. end Is antithetical literal innocence and monotone elimination Claims on a lower floor The Antiterrorism And telling demise punishment Act. peeled England ledger On brutal civilized task38. 2 (2012) 307-337. condemnable evaluator Abstracts. Web. 10 July 2012. ( http//web. ebscohost. com. rlib. pace. edu/ehost/ level? sid=606d7b0d-5e02-4b278512310e443c2da9%40sessionmgr115vid=1hid=127bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=cjaAN=77479856) *http//www. law. umich. edu/ superfluous/exoneration/Pages/browse. aspx 7. Newell Richard, et al. racial contrariety in The organization Of The cobblers last penalization The scram Of The coupled States fortify Forces (1984-2005). journal Of abom inable Law Criminology101. (2011) 1227-1335. vicious referee Abstracts. Web. 10 July 2012. ( http//web. ebscohost. com. rlib. pace. edu/ehost/ specific? sid=80aef264-f53f-4c62-8534-fd4b54d079f8%40sessionmgr112vid=1hid=127bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRldb=cjaAN=73365192) 8. Marian Williams R, Demuth Stephen and Holcomb Jefferson E. perceptiveness the see of victim gender in finis Penalty Cases The wideness of victim Race, Sex-Related Victimization, and instrument panel stopping point Making. Criminology45. 4 (2007) 865-891. Criminal jurist Abstracts. Web. 10 July 2012.