Preparing Students for the Testing Season

Spring  is traditionally the  season  of beginnings, and for middle and high school students, spring is often the beginning of the testing season. There are district tests, state tests, and national tests for students in grades 7-12 that begin in March and continue through the end of the school year. Many of these tests are mandated by legislation.   In a typical public school, a student will take  at least one  standardized test  annually. Those high school students who enroll in college credit courses  may take even more tests. Each of these standardized tests is designed to take a minimum of 3.5 hours to complete. Adding up this time over the course of  the six years between grades 7-12, the average student participates in standardized testing for 21 hours or  the  equivalent of  three full  school days. Educators can first provide the information that helps students better understand the purpose of a specific test. Is the test going to measure their individual growth or is the test going to measure their performance against others?   Two Kinds of Standardized Testing for Grades 7-12 The  standardized tests  that are used in grades 7-12 are either  designed as norm-referenced or as criterion-referenced tests. Each test is designed for a different measure. A norm-referenced test is designed to compare and rank students (similar in age or grade) in relation to one another: Norm-referenced tests report whether test takers performed better or worse than a hypothetical average student Norm-referenced tests usually are simple to administer and easy to score because they are usually designed as multiple-choice tests.    The criterion-referenced  tests are designed to measure student performance against an expectation: Criterion-referenced  tests and  assessments  are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or  learning standards Learning standards are descriptions by grade level of what students are expected to know and be able to do.  The criterion-referenced tests used to measure learning progress can also measure gaps in student learning.   Preparing Students for the Structure of Any Test Teachers can help prepare students for both  kinds standardized tests, both norm-referenced  tests and criterion-referenced  tests. Educators can explain to students the purpose of both criterion referenced and  the norm-referenced test so students will have a better understanding when they read the results. Most importantly, they can expose students to the pace of the exam, to the format of the exam and to the language of the exam. There are practice passages  in texts and online from different tests that will allow students to become more familiar with  the format of the test. To prepare students for the pace of the exam, teachers can offer some practice testing under conditions that mimic the actual test. There are released tests or materials that mimic the test that students should be encouraged to take independently. A timed practice text is particularly helpful is giving students the experience so they will know how fast they have to move to answer all the questions. Multiple practice sessions for timed essay writing should be offered if there is an essay section, for example, like the AP exams. Teachers have to coach students to determine a pace that works for them and recognize given how much â€Å"average† time they will need to read and answer an  open-ended question. Students might practice how to survey the whole test at the beginning and then look at the number of questions, point value, and difficulty of each section. This practice will help them to budget their time. Exposure to the format of the exam will also help student distinguish the amount of time that might be needed in reading multiple choice  questions. For example, one standardized test section requires students answer   75 questions in 45 minutes. That means students have an average of 36 seconds per question. Practice can help students adjust to this speed. In addition, understanding the format can help students negotiate the layout of a test, especially if the standardized test has moved to an online platform. Online testing means a student must be proficient in keyboarding, and also know which keyboarding feature is available for use. For example, the computer-adaptive tests, like the SBAC, may not allow students to return to a section with an unanswered question.   Multiple Choice Preparation Educators can also help students practice with how tests are administered. While some of these remain pen and paper tests, other tests have moved to online testing platforms. A part of test preparation, educators may offer students  the following multiple choice question strategies: If any part of the answer is not true, then the answer is incorrect.  When there are identical responses, then neither is correct.Consider no change or none of the above as a valid answer choice.Students should eliminate and cross off those distracting answers that are absurd  or obviously incorrect.Recognize transition words that  describe relationships between ideas in choosing a response.  The stem or start of the question should agree grammatically   (same tense) with the correct answer, so students should quietly read the question aloud to test each possible response.Correct answers may offer relative qualifiers such as sometimes or often, while incorrect answers are generally  written in absolute language and do not allow for exceptions. Before taking any tests, students should know if the test gives a penalty  for incorrect responses; if there is no penalty, students should be advised to guess if they dont know the answer.    If there is a difference in the point value of a question, students should plan on how they will  spend time on the more weighted sections of the test. They should also know how to split their time between multiple choice and essay answers if that is not already separated by section in the test. Essay or Open-Ended Response Preparation Another part of test preparation is  teaching students to prepare for essays or open-ended responses. Students to write directly on paper tests, take notes or use the highlighting feature on computer tests in order to identify sections that can be used for evidence in essay responses: Follow the directions by looking carefully at keywords: Answer A  or  B vs.  A  and  B.Use facts in different ways: to compare/ contrast, in  sequence or to provide a description.Organize facts  based on headings in informational texts.Use transitions with enough context in a sentence or paragraph to make the relationships between facts clear.Suggest that  students answer easiest questions first.Suggest students write on only one side of the page.Encourage students to leave a large space at the beginning of a response, or to leave a page  in between,  in the event a student ends up with a different thesis or position or would like to add or to change details later if time permits.   When time is limited, students should draft an outline by listing key points and the order they plan to answer them.   While this would not count as a complete essay, some credit for evidence and organization may be credited.   Which Tests Are Which? Tests are often better known by their acronyms than why they are used or what they are testing. To get balanced data  from their assessments, some states may have students take  norm-referenced tests as well as  criterion-referenced tests in different grade levels. The most familiar  norm-referenced tests  are those designed to rank students  on a  bell curve The  NAEP  (The National Assessment of Educational Progress)  reports  statistical information about student performance and factors related to educational performance for the nation and for specific demographic groups in the population (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender);The SAT  (Scholastic Aptitude Test and/or  Scholastic Assessment Test);  Scores on the SAT range from 400 to 1600, combining test results from two 800-point sections: mathematics, and critical reading and writing.  The following states  have opted to use the SAT as a high school  exit exam:  Colorado,  Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Idaho* (or ACT), Illinois, Maine*, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island*. (*optional)  PSAT/NMSQT  a precursor to the SAT.  The test is composed of four sections: two Math Sections, Critical Reading, and Writing Skills used to determine eligibility and qualification for the  National Merit Scholarship Program.  Students in grades 8-1 0 are the target audience for the PSAT.  The  ACT  (American College Test) is four  content area tests  scored individually on a scale of 1–36, with the composite score as the whole number average. The ACT does have elements of  a criterion-referenced in that it also compares how a student performs compared to ACT College Readiness Standards which are regularly reviewed.  The following states  have opted to use the  ACT  as a high school  exit exam:   Colorado,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Tennessee,  Utah.ACT Aspire  tests map learner progress from elementary grades through high school on a vertical scale which is anchored to the scoring system of the ACT. Challenges to the tradition of norm-referenced testing came with  the expansion of  criterion-referenced tests in 2009 when tests were designed to measure  the impact of the  Common Core State Standards (CCSS).These  criterion-referenced  tests determine how college and career ready a student is in English Language Arts and in mathematics.   While initially embraced by 48 states, the two testing consortiums have the remaining states committed to using their platforms: The  Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers  (PARCC) in the following states  Colorado,  District of Columbia,  Illinois,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  New Jersey, New Mexico,  Rhode IslandThe  Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium  (SBAC)  The states that use this  SBAC computer adaptive testing include:  California,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Hawaii,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Michigan,  Montana,  Nevada, New Hampshire,  North Carolina,  North Dakota,  Oregon,  South Dakota,  U.S. Virgin Islands,  Vermont,  Washington,  West Virginia The College Board  Advanced Placement (AP)  exams  are also criterion referenced. These exams are created by the College Board as  college-level exams in specific content areas.  A high score (5) on the exam may award college credit. At the conclusion of the spring testing season, the results of all these tests are then analyzed by different stakeholders in order determine student progress, possible curriculum revision, and in some states, teacher evaluation. The analysis of these tests can guide the development of a schools educational plan for the following school year. Spring may be the season for testing in the nations middle and high schools, but preparation for an analysis of these tests are a school year long enterprise.

The Aspects Of The African American Community - 1645 Words

DaVon Davis English 102-04 Amy Guthrie Take Me Back To Africa The aspects of the African American community need to understand the concept of personal responsibility as well as learning to take personal responsibility for the circumstances that plague this generation. The Black lives matter movement began as an outcry by minorities to bring the unjust actions of the justice system as well as the actions taking by the police in profiling citizens. The beginning of this movement started with using protests and marches to declare their displeasure in the ‘unnecessary actions taken by the police in aiding in the process of eliminating and targeting minorities. The controversial component of the black lives matter movement is the negative†¦show more content†¦There are no black and white areas when it comes to race and the problems that come with it. This gray subject is resonated in the hearts of blacks and the minds of the white community. In order to have equality, there has to be a cleaned slate between all races involved and a n ew song to be sung in the new community. Just as Jason Riley said in his book Please Stop Helping Us, The civil rights movement, properly understood, was about equal opportunity. But a group must be culturally equipped to seize it (Riley pg. 58). Today s culture is not ready to let go and move forward together because in order for that to be done personal responsibility has to be taken by everyone. Personal responsibility has to be taken even for the things that were not done personally by you. On the other hand generalizing all of a specific group of people i.e. Police officers and white people, as the bad guy needs to be stopped and looked at from both sides of the problem. On August 9, 2014, eighteen-year-old Michael Brown was shot and killed by a white police officer named Darren Wilson. In several witness accounts, people said that Michael Brown had his hands up which sparked the Hands up don t shoot chant that was repeated during several protests throughout the country (Clarke , 2014). What is not analyzed is the fact that Michael Brown had also just stolen from a local store as well as

Lego Free Essays

Lego Lego is a line of plastic toys that can be constructed into specific sets, characters from movies or books, and anything you want it to be. The Lego Group started out in 1932 and today it’s one of the world’s leading toy companies, In 2016 alone, Lego made 12.4 billion dollars from only lego sets. We will write a custom essay sample on Lego or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today they also have amusement parks with lego rides, stores, and statues made out of legos, such as a pirate ship, Hulkbuster, and Hulk. The man who started the lego group was known as Ole Kirk Kristiansen, who grew up with five brothers and five sisters. By the age of seven he was working for a local smallholder, then a few months later he began to work at a nearby farm. In the year 1903 he was apprenticed as a carpenter with his brother, and worked hard until 1911 when he completed his training. Ole Kirk Kristiansen buys Billund Maskinsnedkeri for DKK 10,000 when the area is just a bunch of small farms and store fronts. This factory manufactures doors, windows, kitchen cabinets, cupboards, coffins, chests of drawers, and tools for digging peat. They also contributed for larger projects, such as fixing farm machinery or constructing buildings, such as the local church. With this skill set and the help of a local architect, he built a new house for him, his wife, and his kids all while paying little to nothing.During the great economic crisis, Ole Kirk Kristiansen was still trying to sell carpentry, but almost nobody could afford his works, forcing him out of work. After that, his wife left him with 4 kids and no money to take care of them. To make easy money during the crisis, Ole Kirk Kristiansen began to make toys, first wooden cars, then airplanes and yoyos. After that he began to make ironing boards, ladders, and christmas tree stands. This did get him through the crisis, but he doesn’t make any real profit and his family doesn’t think his store is very important. Kristiansen asked his brothers and sisters to be guarantors for a loan that would secure his company’s future, they asked him,† Can’t you find something better to do?†Ole Kirk Kristiansen ended up having kids during the 1920s, but the kid who had the most effect on the family company was the third son, Godtfred Kirk Christiansen. He was helping his dad in the shop when he was only four years old. He always said his first memory in there was when they turned on the glue heater, and some wood shavings caught fire and burned the whole place down. The reason Ole Kirk Kristiansen and Godtfred Kirk Christiansen have different beginnings to their names is because people pronounced the name with the â€Å"Ch† and when casually spelling out the name they would use the â€Å"Ch† as well. Ole Kirk Kristiansen never minded the confusion but Godtfred was bothered by it so he had it legally changed to Christiansen.After World War II, Ole Kirk Kristiansen noticed that a new material for making toys was becoming more and more popular; plastic. Plastic was less more malleable than wood and could be acquired easier. Ole Kirk Kristiansen and other Danish toy manufacturers attended a demonstration of an injection-moulding machine in June of 1946, and the machine impressed Kristiansen so he made an order for an injection-moulding machine for his own shop. Ole Kirk Kristiansen’s sons, who were all involved in the family company at the time, collectively disagreed with their fathers decision to invest money into this new technology. They thought while plastic could be used to make prettier toys, wood was the better material because it was the stronger of the two. Their father argued that if they got it right; they could produce toys for the whole world.In 1949, the first of the plastic lego bricks had begun production. They were known as Automatic Binding Bricks, but in 1951, Godtfred Kirk Christiansen changed the name to LEGO Mursten, or LEGO Bricks to further spread popularity of LEGO.By 1953 the LEGO company was ready to go international, starting with the Nordic countries, such as Sweden and Iceland. After that they turned to Europe; starting with Germany. At the time, Germany was the world’s epicenter of toy production. Godtfred Kirk Christiansen during this time often said, â€Å"If we can conquer Germany, we can conquer the world!† In the end they did get to the whole world, but it did take them a while. In 1961, LEGO finally licensed an American company which would begin to sell around the country and in Canada. Once LEGO began to make a name for itself across the entire world, other people and companies started competition with LEGO, giving them a hard time. In 1960. Godtfred Kirk Kristiansen laid down the company rule: following the crucial decision to concentrate all efforts into the LEGO system, saying â€Å"No one must be able to do this better than us.† He also outlines all of their development so far, like this,†We know our idea is a good one. We want only the best †¦ we must make better bricks from even better material on even better machinery. We must get the best people that money can buy for our company.† In 1962, Godtfred Kirk Christiansen’s cousin, Dagny Holm, joined the company and showed a very immense potential for model building with a skilled eye that seemed like it could make anything out of those bricks. She made buildings, castles, animals, people, and furniture. Her skill attracted the public eye and inspired anybody who worked with the LEGO product, making the company’s golden age. Godtfred Kirk Christiansen came up with the idea to use his cousin’s skill to make a display of LEGO models and contacted a few friends to startup the first LEGOLand. Thousands of pounds of earth and vegetation were removed to make ever-changing landscapes in the Miniland. The final product included a train, puppet theater, Native American camp, driving school, neighborhood, windmill, and church, all created by Dagny Holm and her creative team. Within the year of the first LEGOland’s opening, around 625,000 people visit it to see the models or play with the thousands of LEGO bricks around the property.The LEGO company continued to expand and grow until today, where it is still achieving new things and breaking records every day. Almost everybody grew up playing with legos, either building the sets that they sell, playing with friends or making their own creations just for fun. You can ask almost anyone and they can tell you a few memories they have of playing with legos, whether it’s going to Legoland to stepping on them getting out of bed. Today LEGO makes things called Lego Sets. They are meant to be little figurines or models from real life, movies, books, TV shows, and video games. Some examples of these Lego Sets are: hospitals, The Millenium Falcon, Helms Deep, The Death Star, and Space Ships. These sets are sold in boxes, which contain bags of pieces, big and small. Some of the are just meant to be walls, but some of the pieces are doors, stairs, cups, and windows. The sets always have a different number of pieces, depending on the size of the set. Sometimes the piece count is 50, other times it is over 1000. The box also contains a book of instructions, telling the builder where to put the pieces and when to move to other parts. People use these sets for many things. Some people put them up for observation in their rooms, other people play with them until they break, and a very special few people wait several years until that specific set isn’t sold anymore and they sell it for a big price. How to cite Lego, Papers

E-Health Care Solutions

Question: Discuss the gal of Our Organization and Statement of Need? Answer: Summary E-Health Care Solutions web application is a one-stop healthcare portal entertaining a two way (Doctor - Patient) customer database, bringing to them a full package of features of finding each other and then interacting among themselves, under a single roof. On one hand, it allows the doctors to use it as a professional or social networking website by encouraging them to communicate among themselves and other registered health care experts worldwide via chat boxes, forums, etc. to share medical advancements, cures, case studies, journals, research papers, etc (Kerzner, 2013). On the other hand, this medically rich online database can be beneficially reaped by making it available to the patients, medical students, health care professionals and other general users seeking online health care solutions. These users can either seek the help of the doctors by fixing appointments, sharing medical reports, e-mails, etc. with them or look for answers to their other medical queries by searching the general forums, discussions, or publicly shared information by the doctors (Wahlster, 2013). Goal of Our Organization: The success of a medical treatment solely depends on the effectiveness of communication among patients and their physicians. In order for the patient to fully understand and learn about his or her health issues and medical conditions, it is necessary for the patient to convey to the doctor the symptoms or difficulties he or she is facing in an effective and clear manner. The need of effective communication in medical and health care field is very important for patients to be treated and recovered successfully. Moreover, the cost of establishing corporate and government health care sectors are often quite burdensome to implement. In case a patient wants to be facilitated by supervised care he or she needs to pay an extra significant amount of money (Finnerty, 2013). Our organization will greatly reduce the complexity of all of these factors by facilitating online one-to-one personal medical consultancy by specialised doctors. Moreover, patients can easily communicate with their physicians through forums or messages whenever they want. Statement of Need In the real life scenario, there are a lot of problems faced by the patients and the doctors, like: Appointment fixing: Usually the patients need to go to the hospital or to the doctors chamber and wait in a long queue which takes a lot of time, in order to make an appointment. Handling emergency situations: It has been observed that in some emergency situations, patients are not aware of how to handle the situation. A proper guide to such first aid situations is required. Patient-Doctor relationship: for accomplishing a successful medical treatment, patient-physician relationship should have a basic foundation of trust and faith. The doctor should have some ethical obligations towards the welfare his or her patients. It greatly influences the decision making because the patients can be confident that they can confide to their doctor (Kerzner, 2013). Patient feedback: A patients feedbacks or opinions after going through a medical treatment can be very much valuable and important for the physician to improve his or her treatment policies and approach towards the patients. But in traditional health care system, after a patient is recovered or released, their doctors hardly come to know their feedback or what they think about the treatment process. Through our project, the patients can leave posts in the online communities as well as private messages about their opinions or suggestions for improvement which can be easily viewed by doctors. Lack of a portal for online communication: There should be a portal where the doctors can communicate with the patients as well as themselves. Our system can provide solutions to the above mentioned problems in the following way: An automated online system will help to fix the appointments in very less time. In case of any emergencies, the users can post discussions in the forum about their problems and receive solutions from other users or doctors instantly. Our system will provide a proper channel for communications among the doctors worldwide, thus overcoming the geographical barrier. Project Description Definition of the Project: An e-healthcare website gives a platform to the medicalprofessionalswho provide online or web consultancy, patient treatment, and private one-to-one communication regarding health issues. Patients do not need to travel across geographical boundaries to avail a special medical facility. E-health care offers a secure platform for patients to avail 24X7 personal health care solutions. The primary requirement is an internet connection. Patients can access all the registered doctors information just by logging in to the website using a username and a password. Appointments can be fixed for a specific doctor who has active profiles in the website (Thomas, 2013). Project Objectives: The software is for communication among doctors and patients. There are three actors in this project: Users, Doctors and Physicians, System Administrator. Via interaction among the doctors and sharing of information like case studies, journals, research-work, etc., inventions of new technologies, videos, etc. can be achieved. The patients can easily fix appointments with the doctors. The doctors can access the medical history of the patients from a record kept for every patient account. The users can post in the forum with their queries. Doctors from the concerned departments will respond to their queries. The users can view all the information posted by the doctors. An SLA will be fixed for all the doctors to respond to the users queries in the blogs.An automated mail to the administration will be sent on breach of the SLA. User and Literature Survey: We did our research on what the doctors and patients commonly do not have and we can provide to them. From our research we came to a point where we decided to design a website for them where the doctors and patients can both get the medium to communicate among themselves as well as with one another (i.e. doctor-to-doctor communication, public forums for patients to post their queries etc). There is no such portal available in the internet which supports both doctor and patient communication in such a way. That is why we decided to create a platform where a doctor from anywhere in the world can communicate with other registered doctors using the help of messaging or private chat-box; also the users/patients can access the journals and research papers uploaded by the doctors, ask health related questions and even request for an appointment. Project Scope: This mission will result in significant cost savings, but the overall scope of the project is far greater:- For Users/Patients: Users are facilitated with primary health care solutions without having to move physically. All of it happens in real-time. Also they have option to choose from a number of doctors and specialists online. It supports feature that provides one-to-one communication with the specialists. It can be hugely helpful for the patients. Patients can receive personal quality treatments from the registered physicians. Doctors will be providing relevant recommendations and consultations. Users can access various doctors details that are registered with the website, without having to be restricted by the geographical barriers. Moreover, sharing of medical reports and test results online is very easy way to let the doctor know about the users particular health issues (Finnerty, 2013) For Physicians: Physicians are facilitated by this website in various possible ways. Online health care portal will help the doctors to practice real time treatments. Moreover, they do not need to go to their chambers every day instead they can practice medical treatment online directly from their own home. With automated online health treatment doctors can get patients from various countries as a result revenue is increased. It provides a new approach to health care systems which is efficient and powerful as well as beneficial for both doctors and patients across the globe. Physicians who are new in the medical field can open an online health care portal and communicate with other practitioners. There are also options for offering new services, emergency advices etc. A group of physicians can share their thoughts on online forums or communities which is also visible to patients. It might help them learn about certain health issues and take precautions accordingly. Online consultations can bring pot ential customers to their business. Also, email, newsletters etc can be generated to support remotely located patients treatment. Project Functionalities: Members ID Creation: Doctors and users need to register themselves to access the website. Appointment Fixing: Patients can request for an appointment with their respective doctors and depending on the availability of doctor, the appointments will be fixed.A token amount will be paid for fixation of appointments. Discussion Forum: Patients can post their queries in the forums and get expert advice from the doctors themselves. Communication Medium: Private communication among various doctors worldwide will be possible using tools like chat-boxes. Administrative Functions: Administration will monitor the activity of the doctors. If a users query is unanswered for a fixed SLA by a particular doctor, an automated mail will go to the administrator of that hospital. Information Sharing: Doctors can post their journals, case studies, medical news, information about diagnosis of various diseases, invention of new medical technologies, videos, etc. on the forum. This information will be valuable to the medical students. Rating: There will be a rating for the doctors based on user-feedback, recommendation from other doctors, etc. Suggestions to The Administrator: Doctors can also directly communicate with the admin. And valuable suggestions regarding new technologies can be enforced within a hospital. Online Report Viewing: Doctors can view medical reports online and can share the patients medical history with other doctors. User Feedback: Users can share their experiences by providing feedback to the doctors. Tools for Project Implementation: Eclipse IDE: Eclipse is program development software that facilitates integrated development environment or IDE. It usually supports multi-language platform for application development such as C, C++, Java etc. Eclipse has various plug-in features to support interactive environment facilitating software development. MySQL: It runs on the server side and provides multi user access to databases. It supports syntaxes for SQL to store and retrieve data from relational database. HTML: This language is specifically designed for displaying various contents in web pages both texts and interactive components (Finnerty, 2013). JavaScript(JS): It is a type of programming script used to implement in web browsers and runs on the client side. It is mainly used to make the web page interactive and able to communicate with users. Conclusion E-healthcare Solutions develops a new and fresh approach towards online medical treatment. It presents a modern and crisp system for the doctors and patients worldwide to communicate among themselves in an easy and convenient way, where activities like appointment fixing, private one-to-one chatting, writing personal blogs etc. are offered in a single and open platform. It may be concluded that there are still a lot more scope for development for achieving a more flexible website for this project as well as to render a flawless website design. Further, better approaches are awaited that may be suggested by the users of the website. Reference List Collis, Jill, and Roger Hussey.Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan, 2013. Del Cano, Alfredo, and M. Pilar de la Cruz. 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Thomas, Gary.How to do your research project: A guide for students in education and applied social sciences. Sage, 2013. Wahlster, W. (Ed.). (2013).Verbmobil: foundations of speech-to-speech translation. Springer Science Business Media.