Ecologies and Environments United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ecologies and Environments United States - Essay Example According to ecologists’ studies, the Rocky Mountains, despite having a snow cover, do have diverse biotic zones that start from tops and extend to the lowlands and plains (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). The biotic zones usually serve as essential habitats for numerous animals and plants, for instance, Tundra in Rocky Mountains of Colorado. The wildlife available in the Rocky Mountains encompasses elk, mule, pronghorns, black bears, coyotes and grizzly bears. In addition, owing to the fact the U.S. seashores at both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the near states usually experience varying climate patterns compared to those of the interior regions (EPA, 2012). In addition, U.S like other industrial states has also experienced the increased predicament of obnoxious gas emissions from its chemical industries. However, as compared to the previous years the emissions have decreased because of the awareness the environmental authorities have created among the citizens to deal with the problem of global warming. For instance, the carbon monoxide emissions dropped from 114,465 in 2000 to 77,685 in 2008 despite minor fluctuations witnessed in between the years (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). The forest cover occupies approximately one third of the total U.S.’ land; it provides habitats for numerous wild animals, not to mention other organisms. Forests have also benefited the society through the provision of clean water, reaction sites (camping and touring) and absorbing excess CO2, especially that generated by different industries (Rahm, 2010). Presently, the U.S. is experiencing habitat range rifts where numerous species are relocating to the Northern colder latitudes, for example, boreal forests, which are almost replacing Tundra vegetation. (Christiansen, Markstrom & Hay, 2011). This has led to negative impacts on numerous species’ habitats and wildlife that rely solely on Tundra ecosystem like snowy owl, for example. The reason can be found in the fact that temperatures are constantly increasing, especially in the central regions, which have yielded to the extinction of some animal species like American Pika etc (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). List the specific factors that distinguish your local ecology and environment. 1. Range shifts - species are relocating to the Northern colder regions due to global warming and unpredictable climatic conditions. 2. Food web interruption due to the increasing rate of range shifts. 3. Precipitation, which has led to the increasing of the oceans’ water levels. 4. Forest cover, though it occupies the third of the U.S total land. 5. Rocky Mountains characterized by diverse biotic zones. Discuss how human activities have affected your local ecosystems Mining in US has become a serious threat to both the ecosystem and human life despite diverse state’s environmental agencies implementing strict rules and regulations to control it (Withington, 2012). The main threat lies in the release of obnoxious gases straight into the atmosphere and discharging of heavy metals into the water masses, which affects aquatic life (UGCRP, 2009). These heavy metals include cyanide, lead and mercury, which not only affect aquatic

How can a product be repositioned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

How can a product be repositioned - Essay Example The vitality of the factors and elements such as Segmenting, targeting and positioning can be analyzed form the fact that these can either make or break the future of your product or service that you intend to provide to your consumers. The concept of re positioning of a product or service in the similar way is not a new one. organizations large or small , are faced with the option of repositioning their products , mostly when the market for their current products has matured , the high flux of changing consumer demands , and also the fact that some organizations are faced with severe losses and in some cases end of the life cycle of their products . Thus by re positioning is meant that the organization decided to fabricate basically upon the core product or service. The basic re positioning idea is applied by organizations both to retain the present market share and customers, as well as bag a high number of future customers of the product or service. It is basically a long term plan, which requires detailed market research, product life cycle analysis, market research, competitor analysis etc. Also this provides the organization to renew the marketing mi and change how they deal wit the four P's of the product or the service i.e. Product, Place, Promotion and price. It is an important aspect for you to know also as to how your organization, product and service are perceived in the market place. This helps organizations build positively. Further more, the concepts of Buyer behaviour and marketing communication also come in. The basic buyer behaviour varies from time to time. And marketing communication on the other hand varies but needs the most attention. Here we also need to mull over an imperative reality that re positioning in point of fact also means there is a calamitous need to apportion resources, which in turn means that you need to augment the quantity as well as the quality of communications. Lucid appearance of ideas and policies lend a hand in establishing the brand. Along with this tag along the incurring of extra new costs like in those of: training the employees, Renewing or merely revising a website, purchase of new sales materials, Publicity campaigning, advertising. There is an assortment of ways to re position a brand. The secret to enhanced communication is deemed as high-quality internal communication .It should be a run through to discuss with the staff of the organization and specific departments involved to make them understand why this 'Re Positioning' is taking place , what does the organization aim to achieve with this re positioning etc . Once this internal sharing of ideas is done with. The organization can now focus on external communication. (Pellow, 1) Main Body: Relationship between the three Concepts : Product Re - positioning , Communications , Buyer Behaviour The relationship between consumer buying behaviour and communications, and product repositioning is very straight and quite comprehensible. The fact that he marketing mix is a very vital attribute of a product. The four P's need to be based first, then the consumer buyer behaviour and communication needs to be settled. In regards o communication, is specific external communic

Nursing Process of Transurethral

Nursing Process of Transurethral Introduction Its said one knows not what he has until it is gone, This common proverb can be applied to the processes involved with Transurethral resection of the prostate( TURP). TURP is done to treat or alleviate enlargement of the prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia) (mayoclinic.com, 1). The prostate is situated near the urinary bladder in an adult male. When a person urinates, urine flows from the bladder, through the prostate gland, then the urethra which is enclosed within the penile shaft, leading to the destination. When this process is interrupted, in this case by an enlarged prostate gland blocking the exit out of the bladder; it can cause various urinary tract symptoms. These symptoms can vary from difficulty urinating, to urinary urgency, nocturia, oliguria, urinary retention and others. If these symptoms are intense, a TURP procedure is recommended by the physician as a minimally invasive method of alleviating them Nursing Process of Transurethral Resection of the prostate Its said one knows not what he has until it is gone, This common proverb can be applied to the processes involved with Transurethral resection of the prostate( TURP). TURP is done to treat or alleviate enlargement of the prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia) (mayoclinic.com, 1). The prostate is situated near the urinary bladder in an adult male. When a person urinates, urine flows from the bladder, through the prostate gland, then the urethra which is enclosed within the penile shaft, leading to the destination. When this process is interrupted, in this case by an enlarged prostate gland blocking the exit out of the bladder; it can cause various urinary tract symptoms. These symptoms can vary from difficulty urinating, to urinary urgency, nocturia, oliguria, urinary retention and others. If these symptoms are intense, a TURP procedure is recommended by the physician as a minimally invasive method of alleviating them. One does not think of what it entails to actually be able to get the urge to urinate and do so with ease. The pleasure of this almost automatic process has been taken away from clients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, leading to the need for a TURP. This explains the concepts of not knowing what one has till its gone or severely made problematic. A nurse comes into play in this process by using the nursing process of assessment, nursing diagnosis, goals, intervention and evaluation to manage the client through the entire course of treatment. That is the nurse follows the patient from preoperative to Post operative while diligently providing care and teaching. Preventing complications of TURP post operatively is a major part of the procedure, as this determines the success of such procedure. In reference to complication after TURP, Weaver 2001 stated that prevention must start long before the patient is admitted into the hospital (p. 1). The nurse needs to ask if the patient recently took Coumadin, Aspirin or any NSAIDs few days before the procedure. These drugs affects blood coagulation and they must have being stopped several days ago before to prevent hemorrhage. Weaver further explained that Coumadin should be discontinued 3-7 days before TURP and patient must have stop taking Aspirin for at least 10 days before (p. 1). During postoperative care, the nurse needs to assess the patients indwelling catheter for patency continuously. The content of the bag must also be checked. This is because a change in the urine color and consistency is the first clue to active bleeding.(Weaver 2001, p. 2) The patients vital signs need to be checked at regular intervals to detect any changes which could be related to bleeding and infection. Particular attention need to place on the patients laboratory values because a low white blood cell count could also show sign for infection. The patients input and output must also be assessed due to the continuous bladder irrigation (CBI). After the removal of the catheter, the nurse should assess the patients urine and explain to the patient that some tingling or burning might be felt and that this is normal. Gilhurst (2006) notes that TURP is used for approximately 90% of prostate surgery and that it is considered the gold standard'. Although TURP is such a high quality procedure, it is not without its risks. Nurses need to diagnose quickly to prevent further complications or mortality in patients. With this invasive procedure, along with catherization, patients are at high risk for infection. Fluid volume defect, as a result of hemorrhage, is another major diagnosis of concern. Patients doing this procedure would usually exhibit disturbed body image and knowledge deficit, although this varies by individual. The expected goals for TURP are that the patient would not experience TURP syndrome, the patient would not exhibit signs of hemorrhage, the catheters patency would be maintained without complication, the patient would verbalizes an understanding of the procedure and its desirable / undesirable effect. The nurse should ensure that the patient receives thorough discharge teaching. According to Ng (2004) continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) is an established procedure designed to prevent the formation and retention of blood clots following transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). (p . 97). This continuous irrigation is established by the use of a three-way Foley catheter. The nurse is responsible for the management of the Foley catheters patency. To ensure that patency is maintained, continuous assessment and early detection is implemented. It is the nurses duty to assess the saline irrigations height, volume remaining, and fluid level in the drip chamber. An assessment of the drainage bag for the amount, consistency and the color of the drainage is a necessary intervention in assuring efficiency of the procedure and in alerting to the development of any complications. Ng 2004 listed a few other interventions in the maintaining of catheter patency which include assess for kinking, traction, and leakage; adjust the clamps to ensure continuous flow rate; and continuously check fluid balance/ bladder irrigation. (p . 98). After a thorough assessment, if blockage is suspected the nurse is to intervene. As stated by Ng 2004 to unblock the catheter the nurses intervention should be to, reassure the patient and explain the procedure, turn off the bladder irrigation system; milk the tubing; observe drainage; and assess for a decrease in the patients level of discomfort. (p . 101). The most common complication after TURP is hemorrhage, with this in mind the nursing interventions should include checking the patients vital sign monitoring every four hours (Wasson 2004, p . 5). The color and consistency of the urine should also be checked at two hours interval. Instruct the patient to remain flat or at a slight incline immediately post-operatively, because sitting may increase venous and bladder pressure causing bleeding, (Wasson 2004, p . 5). While in the hospital, the nurse should inform the physician if there is an increase in the rate of bleeding, and of any drastic change in vital signs. Hypovolemia is a risk factor of extensive bleeding and the nurse should be prepared to intervene with replacements of intravenous fluids and blood products. According to Wasson 2004, the nurse should instruct the patient to drink at least 12 glasses of water per day and to avoid the use of alcohol, caffeinated beverages, and spicy foods that may over-stimulate the bladder (p . 5). Another serious TURP related complication is known as TURP syndrome (Wasson 2004, p. 4). TURP syndrome is described to be an abnormal vascular absorption of irrigating fluid during surgery which causes severe dilutional hyponatemia and hypervolemia (Wasson 2004, p . 4). Nursing interventions aimed at preventing TURP syndrome include careful assessment of its symptoms which include; bradycardia, confusion, full bonding pulses, dramatic increase in blood pressure, tachypnea, and temporary blindness. Discharge teaching is important in making certain that TURP is efficient in resolving the patients condition. The patient should be advised to keep a log of voiding and record the volume of urine, its characteristics, and the frequency. Strenuous activities such as climbing stairs should be avoided during the first few weeks after discharge. The patient should also be encouraged to rest regularly for approximately two to six weeks; this promotes healing of the surgical site. Activity restrictions that enables healing also includes, avoidance of lifting items weighing over five pounds, avoidance of excessive physical exertion, and long walks. Conclusion The patient should be taught by the nurse to notify the physician, if bleeding occurs and does not stop within one hour of therapy. A high fiber diet is encouraged during discharge teaching making sure to emphasize that his helps prevent constipation. Also thorough perineal hygiene should be stressed and the patient should be taught that it reduces the risk for infection. Patients should be advised to take antibiotics and any other medication as prescribed by the physician. Teaching kegal exercises is another important nursing intervention as it strengthens the pelvic floor muscles. After the intervention, the nurse will do an evaluation in order to find out if the goal has been achieved and to see if the patient is progressing as planned. The nurse should reassess the patient to ensure that he or she did not experience TURP syndrome, hemorrhage and any other complications previously mentioned. The effectiveness of the patient teaching should be reassessed, the more knowledgeable the patient is about steps to be taken, the greater the probability that the patient will comply. This may help the patient in taking proper care of themselves after discharge and also prevent complications. Therefore, nursing intervention always help the patient to get positive outcomes. (Wasson 2003, p. 12) As with the fore mentioned proverb, having the need or feeling of urinating, or even the ability to go to the bathroom and successfully relieve the pressure created by a full bladder is a gift. A gift that when gone or almost gone as with oliguria or anuria, and then regained with TURP one would realize it value, and develop a brand new appreciation for the process

Portrait of a Lady - From Novel to Film Essay -- Movie Film Essays

Portrait of a Lady - From Novel to Film Jane Campion's most recent film, Portrait of a Lady (1996), offers a distinct departure from her previous work, The Piano (1993), with which some critics have found fault. In her 1998 article, for example, while commending Campion for introducing two characters able to renounce the gender warfare that characterizes Western culture, Diane Long Hoeveler criticizes Campion for celebrating marriage, the idea that women cannot survive without a man at the center of their lives (Hoeveler 110, 114). Second, she asserts that while Campion toys with feminist issues and images, Piano is Aromantic and escapist, with Ada's decision to be reborn with Baines a step hardly worthy of the serious feminist issues that Campion seems to be raising in the film (Hoeveler 114). Finally, she points out that Campion is heavily indebted to a 1920s work, The Story of a New Zealand River by Jane Mander. Partly as a consequence of not acknowledging this debt, the film has conflicting sources, Campion's rat her permissive twentieth century script about adultery, superimposed on Mander's original, in which the Victorian heroine is not united sexually with her lover until after her husband's death. Enacting a basically contemporary drama in anachronistic costumes and setting, Hoeveler says the film contains gaps, ...fissures we sense while viewing it (Hoeveler 114). For example, how likely is it, she asks, that an 1850s heroine would conduct an adulterous affair? In (Re)Visioning the Gothic (1998), Cyndy Hendershot echoes this view, calling Baines, the film's nontraditional male (Harvey Keitel), a deus ex machina, a fairy-tale character, an imaginary resolution to two real problems, on the one hand the castratio... ..., Campion breaks his barrier of reticence about sex, money and behavior and delivers the facts straight. Hardly faithful to him as she is, though, Jane Campion's work is itself made possible by the original master, Henry James. Sources Cited Bluestone, George. Novels Into Film. California UP, 1971. Campion, Jane. The Piano. London: Bloomsbury, 1993. Dapkus, Jeanne R. Sloughing off the Burdens. Film Literature Quarterly 25.3 (1997): 177-187. Giannetti, Louis. Understanding Movies. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972. Hendershot, Cyndy. (Re)Visioning the Gothic. Film Literature Quarterly 26.2 (1998): 97-108. Hoeveler, Diane Long. Silence, Sex, and Feminism. Film Literature Quarterly 26.2 (1998): 109-116. James, Henry. The Portrait of a Lady. 1881. New York: Random House, 1996. Jones, Laura. The Portrait of a Lady. New York: Penguin, 1996.

History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire

History of Christianity Within the Roman Empire Religion, one of the most important and controversial topics of all times, but where exactly did it come from? What obstacle did it have to go through to be come known? Who made it known? These are a few questions that are often asked but not always answered. There are many religions known today but in this paper I will focus on only one, Christianity. I will discuss the events, hardships and some of the important people that are valuable to make up this history of this now popular religion, in a very popular place, Rome.Like almost successful thing its starts out a little rocky but finally comes out of top. Christianity was like no other religion the Roman empire had ever seen before. It challenged all its values and morals in every way possible and because of that was not a positive thing to be. Rome looked at anyone in the religion as an enemy of Rome and was a criminal who should be put to death if pronounced themselves a Christian. It all started around the year 30C. E. with one man named Jesus Christ from Galilee.When he was around 30 he spoke about a kingdom in heaven and not on Earth, conservatives called him a false profit who undermined the Jewish religion, by calling himself the son of God. Jesus went to the land to spread his simple teachings that were based upon to love God and one another, to care for each other and help those in need. The Roman saw him as revolutionary and decided to keep a close watch over him, scared that he might would cause a problem due to his such large base of followers. It wasn't long until the Sadducees, who had control over Judea where Jesus did most of his teachings, could’t take much more.The fear of Jesus and his followers turning into a revolt against them, lead the Sadducees to turn to the Romans for help to get him out and take away the threat he may propose. They ask the Romans to arrest Jesus Christ and execute him because he was committing blasphemy, saying he was the son of God and that was prohibited. Since they couldn't condemn anyone to death, they wanted the Romans to do it from them because they on the other hand could and so they did. Jesus was arrested on Holy Thursday and had he trial the next day on Friday.Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor was over his trial and even though Pilate did not agree with the Sadducees on the execution of Jesus, he still with through with it. When he announces the execution of Jesus Christ to the public he lets them know as well that this was not his order and has nothing to do with it but what he’s doing is simply carrying out what the Sadducees wanted to be done. Executing someone because of their religion couldn't be done so in order for it to be done they executed him under insurrection and labeled him enemy of the state.His death began the rise of Christianity all around the land including with in the Roman Empire. Another important person in the spread of Christianity was Saul of Tau ses, who later became Paul when he became a Christian. His played a great role in preaching the gospel, planting churches and establishing Christianity through out the land and around the Mediterranean Basin. He was naturally a Roman citizen and for a long time was against Christians helping in the prosecution of the church of God and cooperating in the killing of early Christians.Paul reached out to everyone including the Gentiles who were not of Jewish decent, trying to inform them of his new found religion and beliefs. After the end of his third missionary journey he was arrested and brought to Rome to have trial for his alleged crime. For two years he waited for his trial and during that time he preached from his home about the gospel but not too long after it was said that he was beheaded in Rome under the reign of Nero. At this time Christianity began to spread through Rome like a wild fire. The summer after the deaths of Jesus Christ and St.Paul Christianity began to become e ven more popular amongst the poorer people in Rome in 64. That year Rome had a horrible fire that lasted six days, destroying most of the city. It was rumored that the emperor of the time Nero, was to be blamed for the fire. That he did it for his own personal amusement. To take the focus and blame off of him, he placed the accusations on the Christians saying they started the fire and was to blame. This event in start of many horrific deaths of Christians, having them tortured, and treating them being killed as a sport all for the pleasure of Nero and the Roman citizens.This lasted for about the next 100 years or so and throughout this time many Christian churches were destroyed, meetings held for Christians were forbidden and those who refused to follow the rules lost their legal rights. The Romans believed that Christianity was to be disturbing a mans mind in such a way that he is really going insane and causing him to loose humanity. After years and years of Negativity and Hosti lity by the Roman empire things finally started to turn around with the emperor Constantine and his new enforced reform.Before the battle of Milvan, Constantine saw the Christian symbol and put it all over him and his armies battle gear and because they win the battle he in 313 he makes the Edict of Milan. The Edict of Milan legalized Christian worship by removing all discriminating legislation against them from the statute book and making the church to be recognized by civil authorities. Constantine officially stared the acceptance of Christianity in the Rome and even after his death the spread and acceptance of Christianity didn’t stop.Once the church obtained its freedom, it became more structured and stable within itself. Around 323 Christianity was made the official religion of Rome and by the end of the fourth century, the majority of the Roman citizens had converted over to the religion. Christianity played a huge role in Roman history and there are many more influenti al people and events that took place during this time. Although the rode for Christianity to be come accepted was long and rough, that helped make put its making history like it did. It has become one of the biggest religions known today.

Behavioural Approach Essay

The behavioural approach suggests that all behaviour is learnt. This includes abnormal behaviours. Behaviours can be learned through classical conditioning, operant conditioning or modelling. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, where learning results from the association of stimuli with reflex responses. Classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of many abnormal behaviours, including phobias, anxiety disorders and taste aversions. An example of how classical conditioning might result in a phobia is the case of Little Albert. In an experiment carried out by Watson and Rayner, a 11 month old boy called ‘little Albert’ was taught to fear a white rat through associating it with a loud noise, a symbol behind his head. Each time he played with the rat the symbol would be hit which caused him to cry. Eventually he would do so even without the noise due to the classical conditioning theory. This research however, would not receive approval from an ethics committee today because it would be seen as unethical. Making the baby cry deliberately and teaching him to fear the rat would be seen as wrong because it could cause distress and would go against ‘little Alberts’ human rights. The theory of operant conditioning was proposed by Skinner. Operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of actions. Actions which have a good outcome through positive reinforcement (reward) or negative reinforcement (removal of something bad) will be repeated. Actions which have a bad outcome (punishment) will not be repeated. Operant conditioning explains how abnormal behaviours might be maintained. This could be through positive reinforcement; behaviours which have a good outcome by bringing some sort of reward are said to be positively reinforced. On the other hand it could be down to negative reinforcement which is behaviours which have a good outcome by removing something unpleasant are said to be negatively reinforced. Finally, abnormal behaviours could also be learnt through modelling or social learning, which is learning through observation of an individual. What happens is simply an individual models the behaviour and the observer imitates the model. A strength of the behavioural approach is that it can be experimentally tested. The principles of learning have been and continue to be tested empirically in a laboratory. The focus on observable behaviour means it can be objectively measured. A further strength is that unlike the psychodynamic approach, it doesn’t require delving into the past, which is problematic because it could unearth traumatic experiences which can produce unreliable data. However, those who support the psychodynamic approach suggests the behavioural model only focuses on symptoms, not on the underlying causes of abnormal behaviour. Freudians claim it treats the symptoms while ignoring the root cause of the problem. Therefore it cannot work as the problem will just represent itself with different symptoms. Whereas, the biological approach cannot explain cultural differences in abnormality such as culture-bound syndromes, a strength of the behavioural approach is that it can account for this because It accounts for cultural differences because it recognises the importance of the environment in shaping behaviour. While behavioural treatments are often effective for certain disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias, they have not been found to be effective for many other disorders and have also often been criticised for being unethical because treatment is often painful and uncomfortable and is sometimes imposed on individuals without their consent. The behavioural approach is accused of being reductionist and simplistic. This is because it’s a simple approach with connections of stimulus. It neglects the influence of cognitions (The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and experience). A further limitation is that much behaviourist research involves animal studies. While behaviourists argue that humans are fundamentally the same as non-human animals, others would argue that the greater complexity of the human mind makes it difficult to generalise findings from animal studies to humans. Overall the behaviourist approach shows all behaviour to be learnt through our experiences. It states that this learning can either be learnt through classical or operant condition and also the social learning theory. It can be experimentally tested and proven which makes the approach credible however it can be seen just to treat the symptoms of a abnormal behaviour rather than looking at the cause.

Nanoflares Keep Things Hot on the Sun

Nanoflares Keep Things Hot on the Sun One thing we all know about the Sun: its incredibly hot. The surface (the outermost layer of the Sun that we can see) is 10,340 degrees Fahrenheit (F), and the core (which we cant see) is 27 MILLION degrees F. Theres another part of the Sun that lies between the surface and us: its the outermost atmosphere, called the corona.Its some 300 times hotter than the surface. How can something farther away and out in space be hotter? You would think it would actually be cooling off the farther away it gets from the Sun.   This question of how the corona gets so hot has kept solar scientists busy for a long time, trying to find an answer. It was once assumed that the corona heated gradually, but the cause of the heating was a mystery.   The Sun is heated from within by a process called fusion. The core is a nuclear furnace, fusing atoms of hydrogen together to make atoms of helium. The process releases heat and light, which travel through the Suns layers until they escape from the photosphere. The atmosphere, including the corona, lie above that. It should be cooler, but its not. So, what could possibly heat the corona? One answer is nanoflares. These are tiny cousins of the big solar flares that we detect erupting from the Sun. Flares are sudden flashes of brightness from the Suns surface. They release incredible amounts of energy and radiation. Sometimes flares are also accompanied by massive releases of superheated plasma from the Sun called coronal mass ejections. These outbursts can cause whats called space weather  (such as displays of northern and southern lights)  at Earth and other planets. Nanoflares are a different breed of solar flare. First, they erupt constantly, crackling along like countless little hydrogen bombs. Second, they are very, very hot, getting up to 18 million degrees Fahrenheit. Thats hotter than the corona, which is usually a few million degrees F.   Think of them as a very hot soup, bubbling along on the surface of a stove, warming the atmosphere above it. With nanoflares, the combined heating of all those constantly blowing tiny explosions (which are as powerful as 10-megaton hydrogen bomb explosions) is likely why the coronosphere is so hot.    The nanoflare idea is relatively new, and only recently have these little explosions been detected. The concept of nanoflares was first proposed in the early 2000s, and tested beginning in 2013 by astronomers using special instruments on sounding rockets. During the short flights, they studied the Sun, looking for evidence of these tiny flares (which are only a billionth of the power of a regular flare). More recently, the NuSTAR mission, which is a space-based telescope sensitive to x-rays, looked at the Suns x-ray emissions and found evidence for the nanoflares.   While the nanoflare idea seems to be the best one that explains coronal heating, astronomers need to study the Sun more in order to understand how the process works. They will watch the Sun during solar minimum- when the Sun is not bristling with sunspots that can confuse the picture. Then,  NuSTAR and other instruments will be able to get more data to explain just how millions of tiny little flares going off just above the solar surface can heat the thin upper atmosphere of the Sun.

Max Steel advert Essays

Max Steel advert Essays Max Steel advert Essay Max Steel advert Essay The focus in both adverts stays sharp throughout usually. In the Nancy advert when the doll is shown with the girls face the camera slowly focuses out to give the girls face a more beautiful complexion with blemish free skin. This could possibly make the child think thats what they will look like if they possess this product. Since the boys advert seems to have more of a narrative towards it the dialogue is slightly different in comparison with the girls advert. As in the boys advert the dialogue is presented by a deep gruff male voice and reads out a type of story towards the child which repeatedly puts out the products name towards the audience (possibly so the child remembers the name of the toy and tells their parents who are the more likely party to purchase the product). In girls adverts the dialogue does not really tell us a story rather than it gives the idea that this is a how young girl should act. It is presented in a very typical feminine voice, sometimes to the backing of a quiet thumping beat. The sound effects in the girls advert are diegetic and not many that are shown are non-diegetic for example the sound track or voice over. Some of the sounds included in the girls advert are related to the product for example, the school bell and children laughing. This gives the toy a more realistic feel to it. An opposite to this is in the boys advert, the sounds are still diegetic but are much more emphasised and action packed, for example in the Max Steel advert the sounds used are explosions and missiles been fired. A similarity between the two is that they both have background music but the difference in the two is that the Nancy advert has a more piano effect giving a form of femininity whilst the boys advert is more forte and giving a faster pace effect that people relate to masculinity. The lighting in Max Steel is a three point lighting in a fill light to knock out the shadows, possibly so that the audience isnt distracted by the shadows which could be quite distracting as the product is constantly moving in the advert. This would be a downfall, as the audience may not remember information about the product. In the Nancy advert the lighting has been put in a back light to define and enhance the product making it more appealing to the audience as the toy is the only object in the advert. The differences in the camera movement of the two adverts isnt that vast as both use a pan effect especially in the girls advert as the camera pans around the product about 180 degrees. This defines the object where as in the boys advert the camera stays fixed on the object but moves as the product moves. The camera shots in both adverts are also very similar as both stay in a long shot giving definition on the product, this is more appealing to the audience. In conclusion I find that there is a difference between boys and girls adverts that is apparent to us as an older audience but to a younger audience aged between eight and nine years they would just see it as a window into a new way of playing. The restrictions of price cost arent comprehensible to them. There is a line that splits boys adverts from girls adverts that we as an older audience can tell by sound definition whether an advert is for boys or girls without even needing a visual aid.

Alexander Hamilton and the National Economy

Alexander Hamilton and the National Economy Alexander Hamilton made a name for himself during the American Revolution, eventually rising to be the untitled Chief of Staff for George Washington during the war. He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention from New York and was one of the authors of the Federalist Papers with John Jay and James Madison. Upon taking office as president, Washington decided to make Hamilton the first Secretary of the Treasury in 1789. His efforts in this position were hugely important for the fiscal success of the new nation. Following is a look at the major policies that he helped implement before resigning from the position in 1795. Increasing Public Credit After things had settled from the American Revolution and the intervening years under the Articles of Confederation, the new nation was in debt for more than $50 million. Hamilton believed that it was key for the US to establish legitimacy by paying back this debt as soon as possible. In addition, he was able to get the federal government to agree to the assumption of all the states debts, many of which were also sizable. These actions were able to accomplish many things including a stabilized economy and a willingness of foreign countries to invest capital in the US including the purchase of government bonds while increasing the power of the federal government in relation to the states. Paying for the Assumption of Debts The federal government established bonds at Hamiltons behest. However, this was not enough to pay off the huge debts that had accrued during the Revolutionary War, so Hamilton asked Congress to levy an excise tax on liquor. Western and southern congressmen opposed this tax because it affected the livelihood of farmers in their states. Northern and southern interests in Congress compromised agreeing to make the southern city of Washington, D.C. into the nations capital in exchange for levying the excise tax. It is noteworthy that even at this early date in the nations history there was much economic friction between northern and southern states. Creation of the US Mint and National Bank Under the Articles of Confederation, each state had their own mint. However, with the US Constitution, it was obvious that the country needed to have a federal form of money. The US Mint was established with the Coinage Act of 1792 which also regulated the coinage of the United States. Hamilton realized the necessity of having a safe place for the government to store their funds while increasing the ties between the wealthy citizens and the US Government. Therefore, he argued for the creation of the Bank of the United States. However, the US Constitution did not specifically provide for the creation of such an institution. Some argued that it was beyond the scope of what the federal government could do. Hamilton, however, argued that the Elastic Clause of the Constitution gave the Congress the latitude to create such a bank because in his argument it was, in fact, necessary and proper for the creation of a stable federal government. Thomas Jefferson argued against its creation as being unconstitutional despite the Elastic Clause. However, President Washington agreed with Hamilton and the bank was created. Alexander Hamiltons Views on the Federal Government As can be seen, Hamilton viewed it as supremely important that the federal government establish supremacy, especially in the area of the economy. He hoped that the government would encourage the growth of industry in a move away from agriculture so that the nation could be an industrial economy equal to those of Europe. He argued for items such as tariffs on foreign goods along with money to help individuals found new businesses so as to grow the native economy. In the end, his vision came to fruition as America became a key player in the world over the course of time.

Zimmerman vs. Atlas Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zimmerman vs. Atlas Energy - Essay Example The hydraulic fracturing that the company used while linking the gas leaked toxic gas into his land and therefore making it inhabitable. When tests were conducted on Zimmerman’s property, it was established that there were alarming levels of carcinogenic chemicals that were dangerously above screening levels. 1500 feet from his place of residence, there was discovered seven potential carcinogenic chemicals. The company, known as Atlas Energy, Inc was formerly known as Atlas Energy and has been in the Energy business since 1968 and is by all means the leading producer in Marcellus Shale. According to Zimmerman, the substances that were found in his lands were so alarming that they could not be caused by nature and therefore, the company had acted negligently by not considering the fact that the land was a privately owned piece of property and should have been more careful with the chemicals they were going to use during their exercise. Zimmerman’s claims were based on th e fact that most farmers from areas which similar developments had taken place were exposed to similar conditions and there seemed like nothing was being done about the situation. A year earlier before the drilling started, Zimmerman claims that the baselines were completely normal and there was no indication of any harmful substances in his property after tests were carried out. 2. Discuss what management could have done in terms of risk management to have prevented the  events that lead to the lawsuit.   In the spirit of promoting sustainable development, international law encourages that all people practice safe methods of development so that the environment is preserved. Sustainable development basically promotes the use of the environment and available resources in such a manner that the current generation exhausts them fully while at the same time preserving the resources for the coming generations. The management at Atlas Energy should ensure that before the drilling begi ns all the precautions are taken so that the society around them is not affected in a bad manner. If it is obvious that such drilling will definitely result to contamination of the environment around the drilling, the management should ensure that the people living around are compensated and re allocated to a place where the chemical spilling will not affect their health and existence. If the initial precautions were ignored, the company management still had a chance to salvage the situation after it realized that Mr. Zimmerman had been affected by the chemicals spilled during the exercise. This would have been done by settling Mr. Zimmerman’s grievances outside the court and ensuring that there are options for Mr. Zimmerman to consider part from the courts. Since the management knew for sure that Zimmerman’s property had been ruined by the effects of their drilling, the Company should have found a way to compensate Mr. Zimmerman from the harm caused. In America, this will be the first of its kind if Mr. Zimmerman goes ahead to win the court case. In countries that majorly depend on foreigners to promote their economy, such scenarios are well expected but not in the United States of America. America is a developed country and a major economic power in the world and therefore, those who choose to develop the economy should do so considering the health of the people around them. 3. Discuss the ethical considerations reflected in the laws applicable to this case.   Every company owes a duty of care to its client and the general public to ensure that all their employees are well equipped to avoid negligence that can harm the public.

Hamilton Federalists 16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hamilton Federalists 16 - Essay Example By so doing the government not only controls what states do but also what the individuals do. If the federal laws apply to individuals, then punishment on wrong doing will be subsidized as well as the activities in the country (Hamilton, Madison, Jay 2009). According to Hamilton, legislation on states only would be a chance for lawlessness. The states would choose what to implement, and when and where to implement the laws. They could also avoid implementing the federal laws which in turn could result in chaos. This would result in government intervention and as such the use of military to enforce order. Using force on people could make them retaliate and that could lead to civil wars in a bid to resist the authority. Having federal laws ensures that there is a body that governs the actions and activities of the entire nation. This will ensure that there is synchronization in every legal aspect of peoples’ lives and also it will ensure that if an individual’s rights are violated he has a channel that he could use to attain justice (Hamilton, Madison, Jay 2009). ... This will be a means to show the other states the possible consequences that they would face if they did not follow federal laws. While states may not want to favor a constitution that uses the military to enforce the law, they cannot change the federal law. Hamilton was wrong in thinking that it would only take the military to enforce the law. In actual sense, the people would ensure that the laws are enforced as long as the laws protected their rights and ensure that people cohabit peacefully (Hamilton, Madison, Jay 2009). Hamilton also wrote that if the implementation of the federal laws did not need the states legislation to intervene, and were implemented directly on the people there would be no need for the government intervention with violent application of the military, an unconstitutional command. This means that the states would not be part of any violent and forceful inputs of the government and hence would not be a part of any acts that infringe the rights of individuals. This also means that if individuals did not on their own part follow the federal laws then the effects of their actions would affect them directly and not affect people in the state that do follow the federal laws. This is to say that, an individual’s actions will mean that any punishment will be directed at the individual without involving fellow state members who are innocent and also will not affect the state. I agree because if the legislation is on individuals there will be minimal chances that innocent people will suffer on account of people that do not want to follow the laws. This means that the government will not result to measures that infringe on human rights, as well as federal

Social Characteristic of the Different Races in the US Essay

Social Characteristic of the Different Races in the US - Essay Example Further 12.70% of the populations in the US are poor and this is according to the US census website, this paper discusses the social characteristics of the ethnic groups living in the US. The following diagram summarizes the components of the US population The US population which amounts to 299,398,484, of this number 66.40% are white, 14.80% Hispanic, 12.60% are black and only 4.40% are Asians. Therefore whites are the majority and only a few Asians are in the US. From the 2006 report 12.70% of the US population in 2006 was poor, for the 12.70% 595 were white, 21% Hispanic, and 16% black and only 4% were Asians, the following chart summarizes the findings from the 2006 report regarding the US population. From the above table it is evident that the majority of those living in poverty are white while Asians have the least number of individuals, who are poor, the above figures are summarized in the chart below: The level of poverty among the ethnic groups can be attributed to various factors which include level of education, economic opportunities and cultural differences and these factors are discussed below. The level of income is also an important social characteristic of the ethnic groups, the level of income for 2006 is given for each fifth dollar, the table below summarizes the values for each ethnic group. From the above table it is evident that the Asians have higher... 102,714 184,338 Asian 4,454 26,300 50,000 80,202 126,000 222,429 Hispanic 12,973 17,000 30,000 46,040 73,220 130,600 From the above table it is evident that the Asians have higher income compared to the other groups, whites have the second largest income, the Blacks have the lowest income followed the Hispanics, this data regarding the lower limit of the top five percent is summarized below: Asians therefore are high income earners while blacks are the lowest income earners, this can explain the reason why Asians have the low percentage of those that are poor. Insurance: Insurance coverage is also an important factor when analyzing these groups, the table below summarizes those who are insured, from the table below it is evident that for those that are insured only 5% are Asians, 13% are black, 15% are Hispanic and 67% are white. insured percentage Asian 14,348 5% black 39,083 13% Hispanic 44,854 15% white 196,252 67% 294,537 The following diagram summarizes the percentage of each ethnic group that is insured: Majority of those insured are white while only 5% of those insured are Asians. 67% of those insured are white, 15% of those insured are Hispanic, 13% of those insured are black and for those insured only 5% are Asians. Education attainment: We retrieved data on education attainment 2003 report; the following table summarizes the findings regarding high school and college education attainment: high school college graduate Hispanic 57.0 11.1 black 80.0 17.0 white 85.1 27.2 Asian 87.6 47.2 From the table above 57% of Hispanics have attained high school education and only 11% have attained college education, 80% of blacks have also attained high school education but only 17% have attained college education. 85.1% of white have attained high school

Regression and Statistical Effects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Regression and Statistical Effects - Assignment Example The data is divided into two groups. The total data set is divided into 4 segments: low lifetime, low revenue; low lifetime high revenue; high lifetime, low revenue, and high lifetime, high revenue. The first step ion the analysis is the calculation of bivariate Pearson’s correlation coefficient between lifetime and profit. The author graphically analyses the trends between profitability and lifetime of the customer. Then, a linear regression model is developed to describe the relation for the four segments. The author then suggests a method using discriminant analysis that helps managers find out the most profitable customers. The research finds that it is not necessary that long-life customers are more profitable than short-life customers. The author also concludes that long-life customer do not necessarily pay more, and have higher costs. Regression analysis has been used in the study to the relation between the profitability of the customer and time. The researcher regress the profitability of the 4 segments with respect to time using the equation The relation between the profitability and time can be ascertained by the sign of the regression coefficient. A positive coefficient indicates a positive relation between the profitability and time for the particular segment. The researcher also makes use of a dummy variable to reflect the effects of a large first month purchase because purchase amount for the first month is generally found to be higher than succeeding months. Besides this, the researcher also attempts to draw broad conclusions regarding the direction of relation between the profits and time by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and charts depicting the behaviors of the 2 groups. The small correlation coefficient (0.175 for Cohort 1 and 0.219 for Cohort 2) indicates a moderate linear relation between the lifetime duration and lifetime profits. Besides this, the researcher draws the graphs with lifetime

Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Suicide - Essay Example As the author reveals, the woman is apparently tormented by her past. She feels completely shattered between her two previous husbands in Chicago, which is outside her native home in the north. She appears embittered about â€Å"lost beauty.†The woman lives in abject poverty, endures racial discrimination, suffers from mental illness, and feels abandoned. She is also depressed and lonely. The poem ‘Suicide Note’ on the other hand is a representation of the disappointments that a girl faces in her life, the poem suggests that the suicide note is written while the girl is planning to commit a suicide, she expresses her disappointments, failures, struggles and hardships, she gives justifications for her act that she was unable to fight with the world and she wasn’t strong enough to win and defeat others. Both the poems thematically are same; they describe human failures, disappointments and disapproval of everything. Every human being goes through these situations, suicide is a feeling that every human goes through on various occasions in life. In terms of representation, these poems contradict with each other, in Harjo’s poem there is a representation of suicidal feelings of a mother and in Mirikitani’s poem, there is a representation of a daughter’s suicidal feelings. In Harjo’s poem the woman cries over loss of her physical beauty, the way her physical structure is described and describing her as the mother of three suggests that she is disappointed because she has lost her physical beauty and she thinks that she has lost every reason to live, whereas in Mirikitani’s poem the girl is disappointed by the fact that she couldn’t prove her worth to her parents and that she has disappointed them by not proving herself to them. Thus, to conclude, it can be said that both the poems are similar on thematic

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 25

Marketing - Essay Example fragrance is a step in the right direction and Levi Strauss will not have any foreseeable problems in this venture being already a market leader in the apparels business which is also a part of the modeling scenario. However, the ride may not be smooth and it will take the company every effort from the launch of the new products to ensure that the perfume brand does not fall short on any count. The competition is tight and the present players in the field, including the grey market, are not likely to part with their market share without a fight. Internationally, the cosmetics and fragrance market is the domain of the affluent and the middle class. These sections of the population are vigilant. It is also a shifting clientele who are ever on the lookout for better products and will not bat an eyelid to change over to a new brand if it proves to be more effective. Cosmetics and fragrance are products of personal preferences and the packaging is as important as the product. The market is in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australia. The clients in each zone have tastes and habits peculiar to the region. Zonal cultures have a role in the preference of cosmetics and fragrance. Hence it is important to keep in view factors that influence sale of the products in different regions. After the launch, the product may require changes in content or outlook for acceptance in different regions. Do not take anything for granted and keep feedback notes so that changes wherever required can be made in the next production batch (Cosmetics market research). The management of territorial markets is necessary to monitor the performance of the products in a specific region. Every outlet is a specific locality and it is important to get the views of the local players for they are knowledgeable about customer needs. Big brands like L’Oreal have strong presence in local markets almost everywhere. L’Oreal invests substantially in research and development. This enables them to keep

Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Suicide - Essay Example As the author reveals, the woman is apparently tormented by her past. She feels completely shattered between her two previous husbands in Chicago, which is outside her native home in the north. She appears embittered about â€Å"lost beauty.†The woman lives in abject poverty, endures racial discrimination, suffers from mental illness, and feels abandoned. She is also depressed and lonely. The poem ‘Suicide Note’ on the other hand is a representation of the disappointments that a girl faces in her life, the poem suggests that the suicide note is written while the girl is planning to commit a suicide, she expresses her disappointments, failures, struggles and hardships, she gives justifications for her act that she was unable to fight with the world and she wasn’t strong enough to win and defeat others. Both the poems thematically are same; they describe human failures, disappointments and disapproval of everything. Every human being goes through these situations, suicide is a feeling that every human goes through on various occasions in life. In terms of representation, these poems contradict with each other, in Harjo’s poem there is a representation of suicidal feelings of a mother and in Mirikitani’s poem, there is a representation of a daughter’s suicidal feelings. In Harjo’s poem the woman cries over loss of her physical beauty, the way her physical structure is described and describing her as the mother of three suggests that she is disappointed because she has lost her physical beauty and she thinks that she has lost every reason to live, whereas in Mirikitani’s poem the girl is disappointed by the fact that she couldn’t prove her worth to her parents and that she has disappointed them by not proving herself to them. Thus, to conclude, it can be said that both the poems are similar on thematic

Peuasive Speech on Uniforms Essay Example for Free

Peuasive Speech on Uniforms Essay Studies have shown that schools with uniforms function as a whole better than schools without them. Their attendance is better and there are fewer distractions. They instil school spirit and students look more professional. They eliminate fads and jealously between the students because of the latest designer labels. Everyone is treated equally with uniforms and it encourages self expression and individuality through academics, extracurricular activities and not by the clothing they wear. They eliminate a reason to feel self-conscious, helping to improve self-confidence of students. School uniforms ensure that students will come to school in appropriate clothing, and ready to learn. In grade 7 I learned that we would be getting uniforms for my grade 8 year. I wasn’t too pleased to hear the news but I soon realized all of the benefits of a uniform. Safety is a big issue in schools these days, especially with all the gang violence and shootings happening in Toronto. When a school has a uniform it is very easy to spot an outsider because of the way they are dressed. If everyone at school is wearing the uniform and someone enters a school not wearing the uniform they can easily be spotted and reported to the office. Many of you are on teams, be it in school or outside. Teams have uniforms to show pride and unity for the school or club they represent. How good does it feel putting on that football or rugby uniform before a game? When you put that uniform on all you can think of is the sport that jersey represents, your performance on the field. That uniform or jersey was specially made to be worn during that sport. When you win you feel pride in wearing the jersey around, and being seen in it. These same key points apply to school uniforms. School uniforms infuse school spirit inside and outside of school, when you put on that uniform and come to school all you should be thinking about it your performance in school, which encourages less distractions. A school uniform is designed specially to promote education and professionalism. Think about how much you spend on your school clothes each year. Regular clothing is becoming far more expensive than a uniform. Back to school shopping would get some much easier, with a school uniform. You would be able to get more nice and expensive clothes for outside of school. A school uniform is very durable and lasts longer than regular clothing because they are made especially for repeated wash and wear. They can also be handed down through siblings going to the same school.

Hyperthyroidism Case Study

Hyperthyroidism Case Study Introduction Patient A is a 49 year old female of 76 kilograms and height of 161.5 centimetres. The patient has attempted to diet but has gained 11.3 kilograms in the previous months. The patient also sleeps for 14-16 hours a day. Her movements were slothful. The patients signs consisted of a slight enlargement of the neck area, coarse textured hair and dry skin. When her blood sample was analysed it showed that the hormone T4 (thyroxin) levels were 3.2 micrograms/millilitre which is lower than the normal range, 4.2-11.2 micrograms/millilitre. In addition to this her TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were high. Diagnosis The analysis of the weight gain using the diagnosis table shows that this could be as a result of hyperthyroidism or Cushing syndrome or hypothyroidism. The slothful behaviour could be caused by Addisons disease or hypothyroidism. The dry skin of the patient is consistent with the hypothyroidism condition. The swelling on the neck could be a goitre which results from a lack of iodine in the thyroid gland. Overstimulation causes the thyroid gland to swell. This swelling could also be a result of hyperthyroidism whereby the thyroid gland secretes too much thyroid hormone and the swelling also results, or it could be a thyroid tumour which also causes the swelling. [1,2] The signs and symptoms are consistent with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and are on the thyroid gland. Cross-section diagram of the neck showing the thyroid gland (106.gif) http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Hypothyroidism-Underactive-Thyroid.htm Analysis of blood samples and effect of hormones on homeostasis The hormone T4 speeds up metabolic rates regulates the amount of oxygen used up by cells and regulates body heat. [3] The patients weight gain could be as a result of a decrease in the rate of digestion. Low T4 levels mean that not enough digestive juices are being secreted because T4 controls metabolic rates resulting in the slow movement of smooth muscles lining the stomach. T4 promotes the normal development of muscle tone and normal functioning of skeletal and cardiac muscles. This possibly explains why the patient is experiencing slothful movement. [1] In addition to this T4 also promotes the hydration of the skin, secretion of the exocrine glands and the growth of hair. The consequences of low T4 could explain why the patients hair is coarse and why the patient has dry skin. [1] To distinguish between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism a T4 and TSH test have to be done. [4] The TSH test is normally chosen for the evaluation of the thyroid function and for the symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. It is often done with or after a T4 test. The results of the tests performed show an elevated TSH level and a low T4 level which show that the patient has hypothyroidism. Condition Normal Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism Secondary TSH Normal Low High Low T4 Normal High Low Low [4] WHAT IS HYPOTHYROIDISM Hypothyroidism is a condition caused by the underactive functioning of the thyroid gland whereby the thyroid does not produce enough or does not even produce triodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4). [1] The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped organ which is found inferior to the Larynx and in front of the neck. [1] If the thyroid is underactive hypothyroidism appears. They are two types of hypothyroidism and these are primary and secondary hypothyroidism. [4] Primary Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid does not produce T4 and T3 hormones at all. [4] Secondary Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid produces amounts of T3 and T4 which are below the normal levels. [4] The thyroid gland swells up in as a result of it trying to achieve homeostasis. The body has low T4 levels therefore the gland works even harder to try and produce more hormones and this causes an increase in the size of the gland. Causes 95% of the time the thyroid gland is not secreting sufficient thyroid hormone and this could cause the hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism could be an autoimmune disease. The immune system protects the body from foreign substances and infection. However, in this case the immune system mistakes the thyroid gland cells and enzymes, as foreign objects and attacks them resulting in the low production of thyroid hormone. [5] Hypothyroidism could also be as a result of Hashimoto disease (chronic thyroiditis). This is a genetic autoimmune disease which could also result the enlargement of the thyroid gland causing goitre. Goitre is a cyst like fibrous growth in the neck region and is caused by an immunologic dysfunction or by an infection and requires lifelong treatment. Stress, poor dieting and strenuous exercise could also cause an imbalance of hormones and leads to hypothyroidism. [6] Hypothyroidism can also result from low iodine concentrations in the body. Iodine is required for the proper and normal functioning of the thyroid gland hence insufficient amounts would cause a dysfunction. [5] The enlargement of the gland is an attempt by the thyroid gland to trap more iodine. X-ray radiation, drug abuse and pesticide residues also contribute to having an underactive thyroid gland. [7] Another way of acquiring hypothyroidism could be the after effect of a surgery for example on the removal of thyroid glands. The surgery could be performed on a patient with cancer or the Graves Disease but if partially removed it could fail to produce enough thyroid hormone necessary to regulate normal and necessary bodily functions. [7-8] Surgery could also be performed on the pituitary gland which sends instructions to the thyroid gland on how much thyroid hormone should be produced. [5] Any damage to the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus could cause hypothyroidism as they both p lay a role in sending signals to the thyroid gland so that it produces more thyroid hormone. In some cases the condition could arise from the use of drugs such as amiodarone, lithium interferon alpha, and interkulin-2. These drugs stop the thyroid gland from producing the thyroid hormone at a normal and are likely to trigger hypothyroidism especially in patients with a genetic tendency to auto immune thyroid disease. [5] Possible Treatment methods To treat hypothyroidism artificial hormones such as Levothyroxine or Liotrix can be administered to the patient so as to replace the hormones; T4, TSH or T3 that are lacking in the body. Iodine supplements or iodised salt for those with iodine deficiency can be effective as well. [9-10] The doses of the drugs are not fixed hence the medicine is only formulated when the amount of hormone in the patient has been determined, therefore the patient has to return for constant check-ups after 6 week intervals so that the blood samples and the hormones can be analysed again so that the dosage can be changed. [7-10] When treating the elderly that have a history of heart disease, low doses of the drug have to be administered as this could lead to a greater/increased risk of heart attack. [10] For the short term treatment of hypothyroidism, T hormones are used to inhibit the synthesis of TSH in the body. Hormone replacement is predominated by the prolonged effect of T hormones on the level of TSH present. For those who do not prefer drug therapy for hypothyroidism homeopathic remedies are also available. The homeopathic remedies such as Thyax and Thyroidinum 6C can be used to stimulate the thyroid gland to start to produce its own hormone. [11-12] Prognosis If the condition of hypothyroidism is detected early there is a high chance that the condition can be completely controlled using medicine. After treatment with drugs, the levels of thyroid hormones usually return to normal after several months, whereas in other individuals suffering from hypothyroidism, the disorder is a lifelong problem. [13] Their treatment should be taken consistently every day for the rest of their lives. [14] If hypothyroidism goes untreated it could lead to other complications. Low thyroxin levels cause the level of lipids and cholesterol to rise, causing the patient to suffer from heart disease. [13] In pregnant women there is an increased risk in having anaemia, still birth and serious bleeding after birth or it could lead to a myxoedema coma, which arises due to the low levels of thyroid hormone. [13-14] Advantages and disadvantages of chosen treatment methods With allopathic remedies there is a chance that if the drug dosage is too low it could cause hypothyroidism and if the drug dosage is too high it could lead to hyperthyroidism. The homeopathic remedies are the best treatment methods as compared to the supplementation medications as it aids the gland to function properly, whereas in the supplementation medications the gland could become too dependent on the drugs and throw the other glands in the body off balance. [12] If the doses of the artificial hormones are not check or changed, with time this could lead to hyperthyroidism. Prevention methods There are no medication preventative methods for hypothyroidism, but a healthy diet can protect and preserve ones health. The patient can take iodine supplements in their food and this reduces the risk of them contracting it. Exercising, getting enough sleep, relaxation are ways in which hypothyroidism future problems can be avoided. Exercise is another activity that boosts the levels of thyroid hormone therefore reducing the risk of hypothyroidism. [15] Conclusion There is no cure to the condition therefore the patient will have to keep taking medicine for the rest of their lives. The patient will have to go for constant check-ups in order to change the dose according to the thyroid hormone levels that they have, and the misuse of the drugs could make their condition worse. [16]

Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation :: Confederates Attic

Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation Long after the Civil War we are still fascinated by it. In some circles, the "War of Northern Agression" or the "Lost Cause" is thought of, discussed, brought to life daily. While every war has its fanbase, the Civil War has a special distinction for America. It was the war for the preservation of the Union in some classes, a violent and tyrranical putting-down of a justified rebellion in others. I have never been particularly interested in the war, or any war for that matter. I have also never been terribly entertained by professional sports or cowboy movies, either, so I blame my lack of enthusiasm for Civil War lore and history more on my general lack of manliness rather than any fault of the war’s. It was obviously a very moving conflict. When I moved from Illinois to Arkansas and entered the eighth grade, I discovered my new school was approximately a year behind my old school in most subjects. I spent an additional nine months firming up my knowledge of "Earth Science," and relearning American History. For the most part, the entire academic year was simply a refresher – we even used some of the same textbooks I had used in the seventh gade. It was the same, that is, until we got to the Civil War. In Illinois the war was portrayed in fairly objective terms, something like this: "In the Civil War the North and South fought against each other. The South wanted to secede from the union, and the North wanted to keep the US together, oh and free the slaves. Illinois was part of the North." The instruction wasn’t necessarily complete or elevated, but I never felt like I was personally involved in the war. However, in Arkansas, in the South, I received an education much more like this: "During the Civil War, w e fought against the North. They didn’t want to let us secede. We wanted to, and would have, but we lost. They freed the slaves." Even at 13 I understood there was something very different about the way that people in the North and in the South view the war. Many writers, poets, and critics have pronounced that part of what makes the South so southern is the fact that it builds itself on its past. It cannot let go of the past. Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation :: Confederates Attic Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation Long after the Civil War we are still fascinated by it. In some circles, the "War of Northern Agression" or the "Lost Cause" is thought of, discussed, brought to life daily. While every war has its fanbase, the Civil War has a special distinction for America. It was the war for the preservation of the Union in some classes, a violent and tyrranical putting-down of a justified rebellion in others. I have never been particularly interested in the war, or any war for that matter. I have also never been terribly entertained by professional sports or cowboy movies, either, so I blame my lack of enthusiasm for Civil War lore and history more on my general lack of manliness rather than any fault of the war’s. It was obviously a very moving conflict. When I moved from Illinois to Arkansas and entered the eighth grade, I discovered my new school was approximately a year behind my old school in most subjects. I spent an additional nine months firming up my knowledge of "Earth Science," and relearning American History. For the most part, the entire academic year was simply a refresher – we even used some of the same textbooks I had used in the seventh gade. It was the same, that is, until we got to the Civil War. In Illinois the war was portrayed in fairly objective terms, something like this: "In the Civil War the North and South fought against each other. The South wanted to secede from the union, and the North wanted to keep the US together, oh and free the slaves. Illinois was part of the North." The instruction wasn’t necessarily complete or elevated, but I never felt like I was personally involved in the war. However, in Arkansas, in the South, I received an education much more like this: "During the Civil War, w e fought against the North. They didn’t want to let us secede. We wanted to, and would have, but we lost. They freed the slaves." Even at 13 I understood there was something very different about the way that people in the North and in the South view the war. Many writers, poets, and critics have pronounced that part of what makes the South so southern is the fact that it builds itself on its past. It cannot let go of the past.

never say never :: essays research papers

"Ok, so let me see if I've got this straight." I was on the phone with my friend Bob. I've known Bob for years. He's a former Navy guy who now does electrician work at Disneyworld. He's seriously bright, but doesn't know squat about computers. And he was trying, once again, to figure out what the heck I was doing with my life. "You're starting another Notes publication?" He stretched out the word "another" so it seemed that he was entirely incredulous of my actions. "Well, yeah," I responded with some enthusiasm. "But this one's on both Notes and Domino." "I think I understand Notes. It's this kinda email, database, group-think thing from IBM, right?" I hadn't heard it described exactly like that, but he was certainly in the ballpark. "But what the heck is Domino? Didn't Kim Basinger play Domino in Never Say Never Again? You're writing about a Bond girl?" I shook my head. Of course, he couldn't see that through the phone. "Uh, no Bob. We're not doing a journal on James Bond, as cool as that might seem. We're doing a journal on Lotus Domino, a very cool server technology, and on Notes. They work together." "So you're not writing about Claudine Auger, who plays Domino Derval in Thunderball. And you're not writing about Kim Basinger, who pretty much remakes the character as Domino Petachi in Never Say Never Again," Bob was spouting Bond flick facts with a scary degree of finesse. "You're just doing another techy journal on this Lotus Domino thing?" "Yep." "But haven't you done this before?" Bob was right. We had done this before. In fact, we'd created no less than four Lotus journals, and a book. Back in 1993, I wrote a book called Lotus Notes 3 Revealed! It was the second book ever on Notes and was quite popular. Based on the success of the book, we did our first journal, Workspace for Lotus Notes. Since we were new to the whole journal publishing business, we partnered with The Cobb Group division of Ziff Davis. Ziff, as you probably know, is the largest independent publisher of computer magazines, and Cobb is their division that produces journals and newsletters. The other part of the "we" in this, by the way, is Managing Editor and Vice President of Publishing, Denise Amrich. While I've been responsible for the overall direction and technical vision of the publications (the editor-in-chief), Denise has been responsible for making it all happen.

Recruitment and Selection Essay

The hiring process can be draining and drown out. Searching for the right candidate to fill the position can be compared to finding a needle in a hay stack. Many employers have an idea/visual of how the replacement of what qualifications the new employee should acquire before the training process take place. With employee selection, assessment and decision making process should be carefully assessed to ensure that there are no laws broken were potential law suits can be filed. This paper will discuss the legal issues that may arise if the above processes are not handled with precaution. Legal Issues With the increase of lawsuits that are being established in the workforce over the past years they have been an increase in the number of lawyers and firms that specialize in employment law. With the economy in the shape that it’s in, more companies are having to law off employers, some that have been there for years. Their selection process is being questions on how they are choosing the employees that are to permanently/temporary laid off. Therefore this is caused an increase in the number of cases the firms are taking in more cases at least 15% more than the previous years. This is because many feel that employers are firing those that can benefit from staying employed and receiving their full benefits, in some cases retirement. To decrease organizations from being forced to participate in lawsuits brought about them, an article stated the best alternative would be to develop a strategy for the company that involved at least three of the following steps: 1) â€Å"Draft good policies and revise them frequently ) Train employees to follow procedures utilizing scenarios that prompt open discussion, development of issue awareness and recognition of employer and employee responsibilities 3) Insist on effective consultation and communication among managers, human resources professionals and legal staff (in other words, the team approach)† (McDowell & Leavitt 2011). Discrimination Issues The process of hiring new employees for a position within an organization. With this process, the major legal issue that the employer needs to keep in mind is not to discriminate. Discrimination is a big factor due to the employer has in mind what it takes for a person to perform the duties of a certain position. There are several laws that the organization must keep in their mind when screening employees, such as; the Civil Right Act of 1964, Disability Act, Age Discriminating Act, and many more. Each of the acts and laws prohibits employees to discriminate against employees or new hires based on their race, sex, disability and religion. In today’s time, employees have to have a firm or an attorney working for them to ensure that that they are not breaking the as many With given employees assessments, most employers are given them the assessments to point out their skill sets. But some assessments identify other issues within the employees. Some assessments identifies whether or not people have a mental illness, learning disabilities, or any other illness that may prevent them from performing their job duties. As a result, many those assessments are being said to discriminate against the employee, thus violating their rights. If an employee has a mental health illness the only way a company/organization can terminate them from a position is if that illness will prevent them from performing their job duties. In fact, many executives stated that they are reluctant to hire people with disabilities due to the accommodation’s they may need. But with all the baby boomers retiring they are going to have to look into that area. In 2005, statistics showed that â€Å"21,455,000 (12. 6%) of the 169,765,000 working-age individuals reported one or more disabilities† (Lengnick-Hall, Gaunt, & Kulkarni 2008). Executives were also asked is it a main priority to hire people with disability? They responded with the following; â€Å"trying to hire someone with a disability, the main concern is . . . having the skills you would need to be on the air to be able to do those things that would actually apply. I think it would be the perception that people with disabilities don’t have communication skills and wouldn’t be able to problem-solve at a faster pace, wouldn’t be able to independently problem-solve† (ibid). Conclusion  With larger organizations, it will be best to have a lawyer working hand and hand with the human resource department to ensure that they don’t discriminate against employees. Since discrimination is the major issues within the workforce. It could cause the company millions and most likely close the doors if they don’t have enough revenue to pay the lawsuit. Discrimination, especially if the executives of the organization are making statements as the ones is the survey, mention that it’s not a main priority because they may not be able to communicate as others do. That’s a perception and basis.

Kite Runner Pomegranate Tree Essay

In Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, the changing depiction of the pomegranate tree symbolizes the changes in Amir and Hassan’s relationship, and is woven into the novel’s central theme of sin and redemption. Throughout the novel Hosseini depicts Amir’s struggle to redeem himself ever since he witnessed the rape of Hassan and stood by as a silent bystander. Amir and Hassan shared a very close friendship doing everything together yet the loyalty between each other was lopsided. Amir could never match Hassan’s unconditional love and loyalty towards him and this sets up the internal struggle in Amir’s mind, because he was sensitive enough to realize the unfairness of the situation. Hosseini uses the pomegranate tree throughout the book as the backdrop for describing key events that influence Amir and Hassan’s relationship. The first depiction of the tree portrays a safe haven but subtle details in the passage point to the events that unfold later. As children, Amir and Hassan spent many hours under the shade of a pomegranate tree up on a hilltop where Amir would read stories to Hassan. Here the pomegranate tree is a symbol of comfort, a place where he and Hassan could be alone sharing the simple pleasure of storytelling. Amir’s description of the â€Å"shadows of pomegranate leaves dancing† on Hassan’s face depicts the protective aspect of the tree, a sanctuary for the two friends (28). The tree and hill are symbolic of Amir and Hassan’s friendship; the tree is rooted in the hill but as the seasons change both the hill and the tree change and so does their friendship. The mention of seasons foreshadows how over time Amir and Hassan’s friendship will be destroyed, in the same way that the rain had turned the â€Å"iron gate rusty† and caused the â€Å"white stone walls to decay† (27). When Amir and Hassan return to the pomegranate tree after the rape, Amir says to Hassan he will read him a new story as they walk up the hill and a sense of hopefulness is conveyed. Amir points out that the â€Å"grass was still green†. Here the green is symbolic of hope and renewal and it connotes Amir’s effort to fix his damaged relationship with Hassan (91). However, when Amir describes that the green grass atop the hill will soon be â€Å"scorched yellow† it also foreshadows Hassan and Ali’s abrupt departure from Kabul, and the devastating impact this has on Amir and Baba (91). Hosseini’s use of the word scorched connotes an event that happens suddenly and is a premonition of worse things to come. Amir is not able to deal with his memories of their happier days under the tree, and instead of storytelling he decides to provoke Hassan to reproach him for his own inaction when the rape occurred. Amir’s ulterior motives – to provoke Hassan and not tell stories – are revealed when he â€Å"picked up an overripe pomegranate† (92) and throws it at Hassan. The overripe, rotting pomegranate is symbolic of a wound that has been left alone too long, the guilt of Amir not helping Hassan when he was raped. The pomegranate fruit itself represents the complexity of their relationship; it is a fruit with a hard skin that is difficult to peel and inside there are beehive-like segments hiding hundreds of red pulpy seeds. Amir is not able to come to terms with his guilt and tries to avoid Hassan at first, but later when he tries to make amends he realizes that for Hassan it will never be the same. The pomegranate also alludes to the forbidden apple from the Bible, symbol of the original sin, and thus it serves to foreshadow the events that are just about to unfold. As Amir hurls pomegranates at Hassan, he repeatedly calls Hassan a coward, but in reality he is letting out his own frustration in the hopes that Hassan will retaliate. He is trying to cover up his guilt for not intervening when Hassan was raped, almost as if Amir is trying to justify that Hassan is the coward and not himself. Once Amir stops pelting the pomegranates he sees Hassan â€Å"smeared in red like he’d been shot by a firing squad† (93). The imagery here represents how deeply Amir’s actions and words had wounded Hassan. Ironically, it also foreshadows the eventual death of Hassan, later in the novel, when he is shot by a Taliban firing squad. When Amir returns to Afghanistan after receiving Rahim Khan’s letter, he finds Kabul under the Taliban regime totally changed. As Amir walks up the old â€Å"craggy hill† from his past he realizes that nothing is the same (264). The craggy hill now represents the destroyed Afghanistan. Amir describes that while walking up the hill every breath felt â€Å"†¦like inhaling fire† (264). This simile illustrates how much pain walking up the hill causes an lder Amir now, although it was something he did almost every day with Hassan when they were carefree children. When he reaches the pomegranate tree, he recalls Hassan’s letter saying â€Å"the pomegranate tree hadn’t borne fruit in years† (264). The barren tree is symbolic of how their friendship was ruined twenty years ago in the winter of 1975. But when Amir locates the faded carving of his and Hassan’s name on the tree, the fact that â€Å"it was still there† makes the pomegranate tree a symbol of hope once again and shows Amir a way to atone for his sin (264). After so many years and so many struggles their friendship was tattered but upon seeing it, Amir finally resolves to redeem himself for the guilt of betraying Hassan; a betrayal that became a heavy burden on his shoulders for twenty long years through his silence and inaction. The changes of the pomegranate tree depict the changes in Amir and Hassan’s relationship. We first see it as the lush shady tree from Amir’s childhood where he and spent countless hours reading stories. Next it appears as the scene where Amir destroys his friendship with Hassan. And finally, it is at the same but now barren pomegranate tree where Amir returns and locates the fading reminder of his long lost friend. Each conflict in Amir and Hassan’s friendship was always on Amir’s part. It was Amir who stayed silent when Hassan was assaulted, it was Amir who tried to provoke Hassan’s reproach by throwing pomegranates at him, but it was also Amir who made the effort at the end to rescue Hassan’s son and his nephew, Sohrab. Like the faded carving, Amir’s friendship with Hassan had faded but never completely disappeared. Amir made the worst mistake of his life but he still had an opportunity for redemption, and that was by rescuing Sohrab from the Taliban and acknowledging him as his own flesh and blood If he didn’t, he knew he would go to his grave with the guilt of the sin he committed in the winter of 1975. While atonement for one’s sin is the central theme of The Kite Runner, the pomegranate tree is one of the main symbols used by the author to show Amir’s journey for atonement and redemption in the book. Hosseini’s repeated use of the pomegranate tree serves as a useful symbol to understand the evolving relationship of Amir and Hassan.

The Ho-Chunk Nation

Ho-Chunk Nation The Ho-Chunk Nation’s culture and beliefs have sustained them for centuries which make their tribe one of the strongest Native American Tribes in the United States today. Their tribe is made up of 7,071 members, due to the devotion of the tribe elders passing along traditions to the younger generations. Today, the Ho-Chunk Nation is a non-reservation tribe with 3,407 acres of trust land and 5,310 acres of taxable land. The Tribe had to repurchase this land that they once owned from the U. S. Government.The Ho-Chunk Native Trust Lands are located in: Adams, Clark, Crawford, Dane, Eau Claire, Jackson, Juneau, La Crosse, Marathon, Monroe, Sauk, Shawano, Vernon and Wood Counties in Wisconsin and also in the State of Illinois. There are also large numbers of tribal members that live in Minneapolis, Madison, Milwaukee, and Chicago. In 1836, the Ho Chunk was removed from the choice land of southern Wisconsin to make room for the miners that were taking over the land. The area was also in demand for the lush farmland of the various river valleys.This land was taken from the Ho Chunk for nickels and dimes, and the people were forcibly removed on to Indian reservations in northeastern Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota and Nebraska. Ho-Chunk elders recall terrifying scenes of tribal members being rounded up at gunpoint and loaded into boxcars against their will. They were shipped to reservations far from the place they called home. Eventually, many Ho-Chunk refused to live on the poor reservations and returned to their homeland in Wisconsin. The native people with an ancestral lineage dating back to pre-history were first known as the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe.This name was given to them by early European explorers. In 1994, when the tribe adopted its present constitution, the Nation reclaimed their original name: Ho-Chunk or â€Å"People of the Big Voice. † The Ho-Chunk were avid hunters, gatherers and farmers. They created and became known for their raised garden beds where they grew specialized plants for food. The men hunted while the women gathered. The food consisted of corn, squash, green plants, roots, berries, making maple syrup and maple candy, venison, fresh fish, and small game.After harvest, the food storage process consisted of drying foods naturally for the long winters. As Caretakers of the land, they moved as the food source did, and during seasons providing the plant life abundant to this region. Villages moved to conserve the area's resources. Their history of living off the land helped the Ho-Chunk develop a unique relationship with Wisconsin’s terrain. Women tanned hides, wove mats from the strong grasses near the waters' edge, made clothing, and taught their daughters.The grandmothers and grandfathers played an important part in the instruction and rearing of children. The Dagas, or Uncles, were the disciplinarians within a family unit. There was no need for a mother or father to raise their voi ces, for the practice was to train the children to have such respect for a Daga. The children lived in fear of punishment from their Daga that they were well-mannered and productive children. The Ho-Chunk government provides many services to their tribe. The housing program helps with home ownership and property management.The education program has four primary school districts in Tomah, Black River Falls, Baraboo, and Wisconsin Dells. The labor program which is a certification of Indian preference for contracting and subcontracting; safety, and they provide supportive services; which helps youth employment. Health services which provide Food Distribution Program, Community Health Representatives, Community Health Nurses, At-Large Health Care, Alcohol/Drug Program, Environmental Health, Benefit Coordinators, Special Diabetes Programs for Indians and a Mental Health Program.They Also provide services for veterans and social services. Bibliography 1. Wisconsin State Tribal Relations I nitiative, Ho-Chunk Nation http://witribes. wi. gov/docview. asp? docid=5638&locid=57 2. Ho-Chunk Nation http://www. ho-chunknation. com/UserFiles/File/OOP/04HCN_mediakit_rtpages_ACT. pdf 3. http://www. mpm. edu/wirp/icw-52. html 4. http://www. wisconsinhistory. org/whspress/pdf/247. pdf

Behaviour, Decision & Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behaviour, Decision & Markets - Essay Example Proponents of such controversial experiments believe that most people’s behaviors are well explained by self-interest assumptions. This left other-regarding preferences to be viewed as forces of retaliation from the strengths of the self-interest perspectives (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). The experiment of quickly converging markets became applicable to confirm the hypothesis that is opposing to the other-preference hypothesis. On the contrary, supporters of other preference theory performed the bargain and corporation experiment, which disputed the outcomes of the quickly converging markets. They recommended that the self-interest hypothesis findings were premature and are not rationally applicable in explaining the fundamental aspects of human behavior. The self-interested decision choices are simple and are majorly used when dealing with straightforward and human behavior that is so easy to understand. Complex and hard to comprehend human behavior can only be explained us ing the other preference theory (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). Deducing from such concrete evidence, the question that remains unanswered is not whether self- interest is the choice or other preference. It is only important to note that in what conditions we can say that this or that condition has both economic and social effects. Hence, which is the best guideline to give a description and model these preferences. For example, other regarding preferences do not thrive well in competitive markets but this cannot be used to make conclusions that they do not exist. This impact is only realizable with rational individuals who will find it prudent not to expose their other-preference behavior in such market conditions since they are aware that they will never reap the outcomes given that the effects are not felt, in addition, the efforts to do the previously mentioned may be so costly (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). Outside the competitive markets where other-preference model can be ap plied has a series of economic activities that take place. These activities may be in small markets with small traders, markets with undefined frictions, contractually enforceable firms and organizations with contracts, which are incomplete and unenforceable. The models with self- interest assumptions may most of the time result into predictions, which are unpredictable and misleading with those made by other preference models being quite accurate. The economist stresses the fact that other people may be strongly convicted to serving others right by making sure that there welfare is in the right place, with a lot of justice and reciprocity. On the contrary, experiments also have it there are other individuals who are extremely callous and selfish, they don’t give regards to the welfare of the others even when such opportunities are availed to them at relatively low or no costs (GaI?chter, S & Nosenzo, 2011). The relation between such two completely contrasting individuals pre sents a strategic setting for managers in organizations to analyze behavior and find out what exists and defines fairness and selfishness. The derivations will tend to give explanations as to whether some people will tend to behave in a just and fairness in some settings in very different environmental conditions while it is the same people who will behave extremely

Context planing article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Context planing article - Essay Example The new developments require collaborative efforts of both media professionals and media agencies in order to ensure effective communication. Hatcher points out a few instances where media agencies deployed their context planners effectively to unravel customer insights and ‘generated non-traditional media solutions’. According to Klues (2004), context planners â€Å"provide the essential link between the consumer’s experience with the advertisers’ brand and the various ways the consumer chooses to receive commercial messages about them† (as cited in Hatcher, 2005). Admittedly, the sustainability of media agencies depends on their creativity in context planning. Although change is visible in every sphere of social life and business activities more than ever before, media agencies are to struggle a lot to keep pace with the new developments happening in every industry. The most important thing about context planning is that business has become something more than a buying and selling process. It involves collective stakeholder participation that ensures convenient service, sustainable profit, effective communication, and many other aspects. Today, media agencies work as a third party to link in this process to ensure this solidity. The emergence of countless organisations in the same industry increases market tension and thereby the responsibility of media agencies or context planning professionals to ensure consumer contact. Obviously, context planning thus has become popular and integral part of modern business. The old method of business will no longer work in the present scenario. As a response to the necessity of context planning, media agencies like Starcom Media Vest, Universal McCann successfully implemented the context planning (Hatcher). Today customer relationship marketing is entitled with media agencies to some extents. Organisations today explore the most cost effective and potential way to connect with the consumers. In